Medical School And Residential Internship - 952 Words

I will never forget that fateful day in March 1999 when my family and I went to visit my aunt in the hospital. You see, my aunt had recently visited her doctor regarding a persistent mass on her head, an occurrence that was wholly unconcerning to her and my family. However, much to our dismay, we learned that my aunt had metastatic cancer and would require chemotherapy as soon as possible. I remember every second of that encounter as the doctor explained her disease state, in laymen terms, and the rigor and hardship that chemotherapy would cause. Despite only being in eighth grade, one of the most vivid parts of my recollection was the patience and support that the doctor offered. It was through his support that I felt the fear and uncertainty decrease as our family realized that we would not face this struggle alone. Through this hardship, I realized that medicine was undoubtedly part of my path in life. During my medical school and residential internship in India, I realized that I enjoyed the challenge of utilizing a wide breadth of knowledge and clinical expertise in arriving at a final diagnosis that allowed me to institute an individually directed treatment plan. Further, I realized that I enjoyed working with all subsets of patients from pediatrics to geriatrics as well as the various branches of medicine. Family Medicine offers me this opportunity and rather than restricting my patient population or medical involvement, it encourages me to gain knowledge in allShow MoreRelatedMy Enthusiasm For A Compensation And Pension Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesPension (CP) Psychologist position at the Memphis VA Medical Center. I obtained my doctoral degree from the PGSP-Stanford Consortium and recently completed a primary care psychology fellowship at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division. Additionally, I passed the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychol ogy (EPPP) and anticipate full licensure upon approval from TN’s Board of Examiners in Psychology. Beginning in graduate school, I have had long-term career aspirations to provideRead MoreUnited States Versus Nepal s Healthcare System1167 Words   |  5 Pagessystem in each country is intended to meet the best possible medical services needs of its citizens. One country’s healthcare system can vary from another. This is according to their administration strategy, training, education, technology, and spending plan. Social, economic, political, and physical parts of the nation also play huge role in defining a country’s healthcare system. There are many similarities in the delivery of medical services between United States and Nepal. For the middle classRead MoreEssay886 Words   |  4 Pagesof collaboration and learning. 3. What inspires you? The scientific community inspires me. 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What really won me over with pursing this organization was an annual meeting I attended in which a former client stood and gave his testimony about his journey in the residential treatment facilityRead MoreRoles Of Clinical Manager. Clinical Manager’S Primary Purpose1334 Words   |  6 Pagesarise from employees, patients, and doctors. Their job is to appoint authority and make important decisions. According to Occupational Outlook Handbook, clinical managers are referred as medical and health service managers who plan, direct and coordinate medical services. They obtain duties to keep the medical facility in order. Typically, their duties include recruitment and development of staff, allocate financial resources, collaborate ideas with executive doctors, staff, and other health professionalsRead MoreCareer Research Assignment : Nursing1245 Words   |  5 Pagespractice is an important one on one interpersonal relationship that involves many different aspects of holistic and physiological care and great attention to detail. Nursing is a profession I have been interested in since the beginning of my high school career and one I will continue to advance in. Topics to be covered in this paper include but are not limited to: the history and background of nursing, requirements to obtain a nursing career, pros and cons of this career, and advancement opportunitiesRead MoreUniversity Of Arizona And Grand Canyon University1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe high school senior year is indeed a rough year. Students are overwhelmed with stress applying for colleges, having their fingers crossed to be accepted in their first choice college. The primary step before applying for colleges is selecting which college best suits them in pursuing their dream career. Sometimes, more than half of the students dream of being in the medical field, satisfying that there’s still people in the world that want to help out others, and what’s better than helping themRead MoreMy Research Interests in Psychology823 Words   |  4 PagesProgram (SROP). My research during this summer internship was on the Autism Spectrum and employment, specifically programs that address the vocational needs of Highly Functioning Autistics. The collaboration of my undergraduate research, volunteer experiences and extracurricular involvement opened the door to life applications of psychology. The prominent experiences that imprinted on me were volunteering with the Veteran’s Administration Medical Center in Salem, VA. 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Amazon s Supply Chain Management Essay - 1187 Words

Every company has their own supply chain in order to sort or produce goods. However, the company needs to manage supply chain to maximize its highest benefits. By having effective supply chain management, the company can ensure that the right product or service will be available at the time to the right place and at the right price (Kamal 2007). Amazon is one of the companies that have best supply chain practices in order to respond high level of responsiveness for the customers. Thereby, this paper explains about Amazon Company, analysis of Amazon’s supply chain, recommendations and barriers to implement will be discussed. Company background Amazon is an American commerce company based in Seattle, Washington, USA. The company used to be only a bookstore, but now it diversified into difference type of products. The goal of Amazon is to provide one stop shop experience where the customer can find everything on Amazon as earth’s biggest selection (Warman 2012). Amazon operates as a pure internet retailers that does not have retail store at all while the delivery will be done through Amazon’s networks of distribution centres. This operation makes the company is able to provide wider range of goods and lower cost of products with high quality. Moreover, it is also increase customer satisfaction as it supports customer convenience. An effective supply chain strategy makes the company is able to respond high level of responsiveness. Amazon balances between cost of distributionsShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management And Distribution1520 Words   |  7 PagesSupply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials in to intermediate and finished products and distribution of these products to the customers. Supply chain Management (SCM) is the management of flow of information, products and services across a network of customers, organization and supply chain enterprises. It incorporates the development and capacity of raw materials, work-in-progress ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Amazon And Wal Mart1614 Words   |  7 Pagespursue the same strategies. This is evident with both Amazon and Wal-Mart, both are direct competitors but each focuses on a different market channels and provide different customer value proposition. A business strategy characterizes a company’s unique position in the market and distinguishes the firm ’s value proposition from that of its competitors. Qupte Simci levi Such a unique market position drives and depends on operations and supply chain strategies. Unfortunately due to the effiency curveRead MoreRobin Van Persie1682 Words   |  7 PagesGreen Supply Chains * According to Handfield and Nicols 1999, the nature of how supply chains are defined as â€Å"supply chain contains all activities that involve the flow and transformation from raw materials†. 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Compare and Contrast Essay About Two Friends Example For Students

Compare and Contrast Essay About Two Friends Outline1 What is friendship2 The qualities of a true friend3 The contrast of two friends What is friendship Speaking about important people in our lives, we most often place them in this order parents, close relatives, friends, and acquaintances. Parents and relatives are not chosen, acquaintances are not let in too deeply in life. And only a true friend is a person with whom relations are based on reciprocity, benevolence, sincerity, and sympathy. So it happens there are two people, and under certain conditions become indispensable for each other. And this is so cool and inspiring to have old  friends  and  greet  new ones. That is why one of the most valuable things in life is friendship. In everyday life, friendship is mutual and sincere sympathy, interest in each other, the desire to share thoughts and impressions, a comfortable pastime. There is a saying that a friend is known in trouble, but not only. A good friend will not only help in a difficult moment but also truly rejoice at your success. A best friend is a person who will always be on your side, who gives you so many minutes of happiness in this world. Friendship, for me, is a mutual concept, unlike love. You want to be engaged, be ready to take care of your friend in the same way. Therefore, a prerequisite of friendship is not to be an egoist. Otherwise, the friendship promises to be very short. The qualities of a true friend Often, because of the fear of emptiness and loneliness, and because of the desire to be normal, we tend to surround ourselves with any people, even without realizing that many of these people are quite toxic and actually poison our lives. And sometimes it happens that a person is witty, kind, sociable, and when you ask him/her for help, it is then that it turns out who is real and who is a bad friend, or just for sharing leisure time. But maybe there is an opportunity to understand in advance who will be your good friend and who will be bad. Perhaps, but it is not so easy. But, in my opinion, there are several features that are required for friendship: Support and care A friend is a first and foremost ally that is able to share all your experiences; it is the ability and desire to provide support and be helpful. He or she will always support, both in grief and in joy, they will not allow you to make a dangerous mistake even if he or she does not share and does not understand your action. Ability to forgive In any relationship, inevitably making mistakes. Sometimes its your fault, and sometimes of your best friend. If people are not generous enough and cannot forgive each other’s misdeeds, big problems arise that can destroy a friendship, so it is very important to learn to be more tolerant and to forgive mistakes. Honesty Despite the possible situations, my best friend must be honest. Lying can ruin relationships built over the years. Reliability A friend should always prop up in a difficult moment. It is he or she whom we can always rely on. Acceptance of deficiencies All people have positive and negative qualities, with friends you need to love both sides. In general, for the real friendship does not need any great knowledge. Sincerity and support at any time are the best qualities in life. If you met and greeted friends in the youth, take care of this friendship, because time-tested people are almost incapable of betrayal. Find out for yourself who is the best friend, and then you will not have to be mistaken in people. The main thing is to remember that in friendship you need not only to receive but also to give. And this simple thing will bring happiness and harmony to your relationship. .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .postImageUrl , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:hover , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:visited , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:active { border:0!important; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:active , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: X Barbiturate use in the pre-benzodiazepine period EssayThe contrast of two friends I am very lucky in life, and I have two best friends that once I greet at the university. By the way, they are both archers according to the horoscope. And if you try to compare them superficially, you can say that they have lot similarities, but if you dig a little deeper, it turns out that they have a lot of differences, to the extent that my two best friends are opposites. Lets start with the similarities. Kate and Helen are two special girls, my best friends, with whom the discussions are closer and deeper than with others. This is all due to their openness and sociability. I am really delighted with such sincere people. We love the same music, movies, and books, thanks to this, the themes for our conversations never end. Although it happens that we want to keep silence, just staying with each other. And even then it is interesting to be together. Kate and Helen are natures with a bright charisma, they both strive for leadership, and both are very energetic and cheerful. They take care of me, very helpful and sincerely take an interest in my life, for which I am very grateful to them and the reason why I consider them to be my best friends. But on this, perhaps, all their similarities end. To compare Kate and Helen, in fact, they are very different girls, and they have a radically different lifestyle, they, for all their similarities of character traits, manifest themselves differently even externally. Kate prefers a sporty behavior and style in clothes; it is almost impossible to meet her in a dress and heels. Helen is quite the opposite, she dresses and behaves herself very feminine. The same goes for their hobbies. Kate plays basketball, box and indeed, she loves dangerous sports, and Helen vice versa loves yoga and dance. Kate is a business girl, prudent, demanding both to herself and to those around her, very purposeful and brings everything to an end. More often she is serious than fun. I would say even not serious, but calm and reasonable. While Helen is more serene, always cheerful, and sometimes overly impulsive. But it does not spoil it at all, but on the contrary, it gives a special charm. Although at the moments when I need their advice, Kate can go overboard with her straightforwardness which is very noticeable in contrast to the tactful Helen. There is also a  stark contrast between them  in the field of work, Helen chose the humanities, and Kate—engineering and mathematics, which slightly divides us, because I am not very friendly with the exact sciences. Although both girls have a lot of interests that I do not share, it does not divide us at all, even the opposite. They make them so special, my best friends in the world.

Discourse Analysis free essay sample

A discourse is behavioral unit. It is a set of utterances which constitute a recognizable speech event e. g. a conversation, a joke, a sermon, an interview etc. In its historical and etymological perspective the term is used in different perspectives e. g. Verbal communication. All this fine talk. Direct / indirect speech. To chat. In order to narrow down the range of possible meanings, the modern linguists have given different views or definitions. Example: Discourse is written as well as spoken: every utterance assuming the a speaker and a hearer as discourse. Benvenisle, 1971: 208-9) An individualizable group of statements and sometimes as a regulated practice that counts for a number of statements. (Foucault, 1972: 80) The specification with the term is that ‘discourse must be used with its social purpose’ this is the main specification of discourse. The brief difference between discourse and text, I think, will facilitate to better understand the term Discourse. Difference between Discourse and Text Discourse Analysis focuses on the structure of naturally spoken language as found in conversation interviews, commentaries and speeches. Text analysis focuses on the structure of written language, as found in such text as essays, notices, road signs and chapters. (Crystal. 1987) Some scholars talk about ‘spoken or written discourse’ other about ‘spoken or written text’ (Crystal. 1987) It means discourse and text can be used almost synonymously. But a distinction is always there and that in discourse has some social purpose while text fulfills the function of communication of some meaning only. As suggested by Michel Stubbs (1983) who treats text and discourse as more or less synonymous. Hawthorn (1992) says text may be non-interactive where as a discourse is interactive. Means to say text is non-interactive that’s it only fulfils the function of conveying some meaning. But discourse is always involved in two ways responses in some formal or informal conversation and dialogues etc. Hawthorn (1992) further says ‘discourse is a linguistic communication seen as a transaction between speaker and hearer. While text is also a linguistics communication (either spoken or written) seen simply as a message coded in its auditory or visual medium’ To conclude we can say discourse and text have something in common as both use the medium of language whether in sign language. Both have some meaning that they try to convey. But text has a limited scope as compare with discourse. In other words we can say discourse is somewhat broad category in the system of language. And text deals with the written from of language. Discourse has different form as Discourse of Advertising, Discourse of Racism, Discourse of Medical etc. But text has no such forms. Discourse can be found with in text. And not vice versa. Text has its maximum interpretation in its ownself but discourse has a lot of things above the language level. Discourse analysis Discourse analysis is an attempt to discover linguistic regularities in discourse using grammatical, phonological and semantic criteria e. g. cohesion, anaphora, inter sentence connectivity etc. It is an effort to interpreter what the writer or speaker intended to convey with in a sensitive social context. Example: Father:Is that your coat on the floor again? Son: yes (goes on reading) Here in the above example Discourse Analysis says that the answer of the son is not clear one. It shows the exploitation of ambiguity about father’s command to pick up his coat. Rather the son deals his father’s command as a simple content question which can be answered in yes /no. Discourse Analysis is a process in which the reader and listener’s mind is working up on the linguistic features of the utterance to grasp the intended meaning of the writer or speaker. Even if the utterances or sentences are ungrammatical the Discourse Analysis makes us grasp the intended meaning. Example: My natal was in a small town, very close to Riyadh capital of Saudi Arabia. The distance between my town and Riadh 7 miles exactly. The name of this Almasani that means in English factories. It takes its name from the people carrer. In childhood I remember the people live. It was very simple most the people was farmer. The above paragraph is full of grammatical mistakes since by Discourse Analysis of this text we can grasp mostly what are the informations the writer wants to communicate. Discourse concerns with communication so Discourse Analysis gives us the interpretation of the communicated commodity. Devices for Discourse Analysis We use different tools for Discourse Analysis. Some of them are as under: (i)Cohesion Cohesion refers to the ties and connections which exist within texts that link different parts of sentences or larger unit of discourse. Cohesive Devices (a)Anaphoric Relation Interpretation of text from some previously expressed idea entity. Example: He did that there. Every word has some anaphoric reference with which interpretation could not be made. (b) Cataphoric Relation It means referring forward. It refers the identity what is being expressed and what is to be expressed. Example: Here is the 9, O Clock news. By using these relation and links we can better interpret and analyzed discourse. (2)Coherence The language users try to come to an interpretation in the scenario of knowledge of the world they posses. Coherence is not something which exists in the language but something which exists in people. By using coherence the reader arums semantic unity the paragraph. Example: Her: That’s the telephone Him: I’ am in the both. Her:Ok. We can interpret the above dialogue with the help of conventional action and by our background knowledge that someone in the bathroom can not attend the telephone. 3) Parallelism Parallelism means side by side. In some piece of literature some comparisons or contrasts go side be side with each other. They also help to interpreter the whole text. Example: In Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’, good marriages and bad marriages are compared and contrasted on parallel levels. (4) Speech Events Speech events are mainly concerned what people say in different environment e. g. Debate, interview, discussions, quiz etc are different Speech Events. Speakers may have different speech roles as friend, strangers, young or old of equal or unequal status This background knowledge about the personality and environment give a better comprehension for better interpretation of discourse. 5) Background Knowledge Background knowledge can be very much helpful in interpreting any text. Schema and script are two terms that comprise the background knowledge. Schema and script tells us what is actually the real situation and what are the actions. Schema is conventional knowledge which exists in memory. Script is essentially a dynamic schema in which conventional action takes place. Th e schema of a supermarket holds the knowledge ‘food displayed on shelves, checkout counters’ etc. While in script such actions are involved as going to movies, eating in a restaurant etc. Example: Trying not to be out of the office Suzy went into the nearest place, sat down and ordered a sandwich. Here in the above example the background knowledge of the situation and the action can be traced out through the schema and script as: Schema tells us: Suzy may be an office girl The nearest place is some restaurant. Script tells us: About the action she performed as: Firstly, she unlocked the door. Secondly, she walked to the nearest restaurant. Thirdly, she opened the door of the restaurant. etc. Here schema and script tells us what is actually the real situation and what are the actions. (6). Conversational Interaction Conversation is an activity where for the most part thw or more people take turn at speativn: in these tusns at speaking one has to pick up the completion point to take his turn to speak. This is conversational interaction. During the discourse we not only taking part in conversation but we are also analyzing.

The Philippines And The World Market Essay free essay sample

, Research Paper The Philippines and the World Market The Philippines is considered to be one of the most westernized states in Asia. It has strong ties to the United States and the United States. In fact, It is the lone charter member of the U.N. in all of Southeast Asia. The United States has a really close relationship with the economic system and civilization of the Philippines. For case, Filipinos have a strong bitterness toward communistic states. During the cold war, the Philippines supported America by systematically being hostile toward communist states, and did non maintain diplomatic dealingss with the Soviet Union or any other communist province. The United States is the largest foreign consumer of Philippine merchandises. In many ways the endurance of the Filipino economic system depends on the united States. We purchase about all of the sugar exports, most of the coconut oil, embellishment, at least half of the base metals, and a 4th of the timber. We will write a custom essay sample on The Philippines And The World Market Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The United States supplies most of the Philippine imports of machinery, dairy merchandises, cotton, documents, drugs, cars and much or the crude oil merchandises. Although states like Japan, Canada Australi a, and New Zealand are acquiring more and more involved in trade with the Philippines, America remains to be the Philippines most of import trading spouse. When America acquired the Philippines and established free trade in 1909, the economic system of the islands was tied to that parent state. As a consequence, the Philippines became about wholly dependent upon United States markets. Therefore, America has had a strong influence on non merely the economic system of the Philippines, but besides the political relations of it. The United States established a public instruction system in the Philippines in the early 1900? s. Although they were non American schools they had many similarities. American instructors were used every bit good as American books. The instructors besides taught in English. The Filipino authorities is even designed after the American system and dedicated to democratic procedure. All in all America has become a really strong influence on the Philippines. Even though the exterior program was to construct up the Filipino economic system and authorities so allow them hold their independency, it seems obvious there was a deeper program to Americanise and economically command the county. Follow the money. .

The Harrier essays

The Harrier essays The Harrier, one of the few good things to come from England. It's the first and only NATO warplane able to take off without a runway. The Harrier is almost the only fully operational Vertical Takeoff and Landing plane in the world. The russians do have a fighter with VTOL capability, but it certainly isn't as well-known as the Harrier, which has been around for a very long time. It has been through a lot of upgrades, but its silhouette is still unmistakeable. What attracts most eyes to the Harrier has to be the pair of huge air intakes at the midsection of the aircraft. These lead to the Pegasus turbo fan jet engine, which holds the "secret" of the Harrier's VTOL capability. The Pegasus is comparable to a twin-flux jet engine, the like of which power most civilian passenger aircraft put out. Built by Rolls Royce, the Pegasus puts out 23,400 pounds of thrust, allocating the Harrier a maximum subsonic speed of 647mph. It consumes 100kg of fuel per minute; along with 160 cu meters of air per second. The Pegasus vectored-thrust turbofan is a two-shaft design featuring three low-pressure and eight high-pressure compressor stages driven by two low-pressure and two high-pressure turbine stages. The combustor is annular and features vaporisers. The latest variant is controlled by a Full Authority Digital Engine Control system. The engine employs a simple thrust vectoring system that uses four swivelling nozzles, giving the Harrier thrust both for lift and forward propulsion. Simple to operate: thrust vectoring is controlled by a single lever in the cockpit First, lets see how the jet engine provides the air stream needed to produce the thrust. Air passes through the fan and low-pressure compressor system. Some air is channeled into the high-pressure compressor system while the rest of air becomes a cold stream of air that is funneled to a pair of nozzles in the front to provide half of the engine thrust. After ai...

Public Affair class summary #5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Public Affair class summary #5 - Essay Example The interest of the reporter refers to what really inspired the reporter to do a particular story. This can be determined by focusing on how the reporter brings out the story or by tracking down his or her past coverage in the media outlets. The next step, as noted by Fitch, in interacting with reporters entails making calls to a reporter. Before contact with a reporter, it is important to consider various tips effective for handling the reporter. For instance, face-to-face communication will require one to maintain eye contact with the reporter while offering responses. Key points should be emphasized using clear and well-structured statements. It is also important that comments made to a report should be specific whether they are going to be on-record or off-record. Both positive and negative information need to be handled professionally in order to avoid any bias or ambiguity. It is important to maintain a positive attitude and tone during any interaction with a reporter to avoid occurrence of any reporter problems during a media interview. Brevity and precision are always preferred during media interviews or in statements written to the media, as Fitch and Holt put it ‘sometimes less is more’. There is a need to create a good rapport with the reporter to win his or her attention. In this chapter, Fitch provides an overview of various forms of media. They include print media, Radio, Television and the internet. The chapter starts by analysing various forms of print media. The chapter indicates that these forms of media form the bulk of where most Americans get their news. They include magazines, newspapers or journal websites. Current financial information can be accessed by reading daybooks recording. Television medium is another form of media used in communication. Television stations offer specific programs aimed at meeting viewers expectations and needs. The programs range from talk

Research Critique of a Quantitative Design Paper - 1

Critique of a Quantitative Design - Research Paper Example The research paper focuses on the educational degrees which are acquired by nurses and also reflects their performance and job satisfaction ratio. In the literature review, researchers have tried to relate an impact of education in job satisfaction which does not seem to be the only reason for the contribution to acquiring job satisfaction. The performance of an individual plays an important role in career retention because employees have to justify their education through their performances. The researchers have also tried to relate the reasons of a higher turnover rate with low job satisfaction, which is also considered as an incomplete reason for its justifications. Poor performance and inability to follow ethical guidelines are also the reason for a higher turnover rate. The study had been focused on the educational degrees which are acquired by nurses. They are either Associate’s Degree (AD) or Bachelor’s in Science degree (BS) followed by specialization. The resea rcher did not mention any previous studies that focused on the degree programs and their satisfaction in their respective jobs. This would have given the ratio of degree holders that can retain their job and become the source for job satisfaction. The hypothesis that has been assumed by the researcher contains an assumption that a BS degree would result in job satisfaction of a person and an AD degree would result in better career retention. There are other factors that could result in the increase in job satisfaction and career retention.

Communicating Effectively with Someone Who is Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing Essay

Communicating Effectively with Someone Who is Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing - Essay Example Barnett (2002) states that effective communication is essential and will undoubtedly lead to good outcomes in assisting patients. Effective communication will lead to better management in healthcare. There are important skills that could significantly facilitate communicating with patients who are deaf or hard-of-hearing, and these skills will be discussed in this essay. B. Skills that contribute to effective hearing According to Power and Power (2004, p. 350), acquisition of communication skills enables students to work effectively as healthcare providers. Skills required to deal with particular patients depend on the individual and will vary with age. Steinberg et al. (2006, p. 262) add that the majority of those with hearing issues are elderly. They report poor health as compared to general population, an issue which is attributed to communication. Effective communication helps the deaf and those hard-of-hearing to give their medical history and have appropriate intervention. The health care provider is required to assess the deaf or hard-of-hearing person’s background, language knowledge and level of education to select the best skills to use in communication (Samady et al., 2008, p. 480). Barnett (2002) notes that the deaf or hard-of-hearing use sign language, especially if they grew up with the challenge from childhood. Some learn to use visual language such as reading of lips. Those who become deaf or hard-of-hearing in adulthood experience hardships in mastering communication skills. However, they have the advantage of having been able to speak; therefore, it becomes easier to communicate in the same language. Power and Power (2004, p. 350) reveal that a combination of verbal and non-verbal skills is required for effective communication with deaf or hard-of-hearing patients. These skills include speech reading or lip reading; writing; listening to speech; mastering a system of visual language; and visual aids or using an interpreter. For effectiv e communication, a combination of one, two or more of the skills may be necessary. Speech reading is common with people who are deaf or hard-of-hearing. They learn as they grow, depending on the common language used. The major challenge with speech reading is that not all speech sounds are represented on the lips during speech. For speech reading to be successful, there should be a distance and enough light to see the lips of the speaker. The conversation should not be done in a hurry. Avoid sounds that may cause discomfort (Meador & Zazove, 2005, p. 219). Lezzoni et al. (2010, p. 356) claim that visual aids have been successfully used and can be used in the healthcare context. Healthcare providers can use diagrams, pictures or charts to make clarifications and show medical terminology. Those who can only hear will listen and only give gestures as a reply. They may nod, smile, shake hands and use other gestures to communicate. The gestures will vary depending on the community where they live. O’Hearn (2006) adds that visual aids should be clear and correctly labeled. When they are used, they should be placed close to the speaker so that eye contact is maintained. Visual language is

Synthesis of a Potential Enzyme Inhibitor

Synthesis of a Potential Enzyme Inhibitor Delaram Salehifard Aim Synthesis and characterisation of Benzocaine. Introduction The Fischer esterification of 4-amino benzoic acid is catalysed by an acid is fully reversible. Method: 3g of 4-aminobenzoic acid was weighed out and placed into a dry 100cm3 round bottom flask (ensuring no residues are left inside the joint). 20 cm3 of methylated spirits was measured out and added to the 4-aminobenzoic acid in the round bottom flask. 3 cm3 of concentrated Sulfuric acid was measured out and added to the round bottom flask mixture (ensuring no residues are left on the joint), a condenser was fit onto the round bottom flask and the mixture was gently swirled. Using a heating mantle, the mixture was heated and upon boiling; refluxed for 30 minutes. At the end of reflux, the heat source was removed and the mixture was allowed to cool to room temperature. Upon cooling, the mixture was gently stirred using a glass stirring rod and Sodium hydroxide solution (20%) was slowly added to the mixture until a neutral pH was attained. The mixture was allowed to stand for 5 minutes before the contents were poured into a beaker containing approximately 70 cm3 of ice, the reaction vessels was rinsed with distilled water and the washings were transferred into the beaker to reach an approximate volume of 150cm3. The product was filtered using a Buchner funnel (washed with some cold water) ensuring that the moisture is completely sucked out. The product was then transferred onto a watch glass and dried in an oven at a temperature no greater than 60oC. The dry mass was then noted and the product submitted for analysis. Steps1-10 were repeated using Isopropyl alcohol instead of Methylated spirits and the melting point for the product was attained. Mechanism of action Step one portrays the protonation of the carbonyl oxygen on 4-aminobenzoic acid where the Sulphuric acid acts as the H+ donor (the regeneration of this proton would establish the Sulphuric acid as a catalyst). This proton transfer results in a delocalisation of positive charge which gives rise to the presence of the three resonance structures portrayed in â€Å"step 1- resonance†. Of these three structures, the middle structure (where the positive charge is localised onto the carbon atom) allows for the esterification to proceed as its partial positive charge allows Nucleophilic attack by the Oxygen atom on Methanol; as seen in step two. Following this nucleophilic attack, a protonation and de-protonation occurs (which has a net effect of proton transfer) thus leading to the formation of a water molecule on the carbon atom which cleaves off in the hydrolysis in step 3. This hydrolysis results in a delocalisation of positive charge which gives rise to the presence of the three resonance structures portrayed in â€Å"step 4- resonance†. Of these structures, the middle structure where the positive charge is localised onto the carbon atom allows for a de-protonation to occur as the Hydrogen atom donates its electrons to the positive carbon thus neutralising the carbon and forming a double bond. This de-protonation also results in the regeneration of the Sulphuric acid proton which protonated the reactant in step 1 thus establishing Results Week one percentage yield: Mass of reactant: 3g Mass of product obtained: 2.38g RMM reactant: 137 RMM product: 165 Reactant/product moles: 0.022 Theoretical yield= 3.62g % Yield = (Actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100 = 65.75% Week two percentage yield: Mass of reactant: 3g Mass of product obtained: 2.79g RMM reactant: 137 RMM product: 179 Reactant/product moles: 0.022 Theoretical yield= 3.92 % Yield = (Actual yield / theoretical yield) * 100 = 71.18% Melting point: Experimental product 1MP: 85.9-88.4oC Literature product 1MP: 88-90oC Experimental product 2 MP: 83.5-84.1oC Literature product 2 MP: 84oC H NMR 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine 13CNMR 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine DEPT-135 4-amino benzoic acid Benzocaine Analysis The melting points for both products were average reading from three attempts and are reasonably within the literature range. This can be attributed to accurate measurements, clean utensils (thus avoiding impurities) and sufficient drying. At roughly 66% and 71% the percentage yields for products one and two respectively are reasonably low. This may be due to a number of problems such as, incomplete transfer of reactant into the reaction vessel, not transferring all of the reaction vessel washings for filtering, incorrect filtering technique where some product was allowed to pass through instead of being retained e.g. filtering too fast or incomplete transfer of the product from the filter paper after filtration. With reference to the HNMR tables, I have deduced corresponding H atom based on integration, splitting and chemical shift. The chemical shift of an atom depends on the extent of shielding it has, for example a H atom attached to an Oxygen (e.g. H atom number 6 on 4-amino benzoic acid) has less shielding due to the Oxygen atoms’ electronegativity whereas a H atom attached to a C atom has more shielding as carbon is not electronegative and in the case of H atoms number 2 and 3, they are also surrounded by other atoms which give them some shielding. I found locating H atoms 2 and 3 particularly tricky as their quintet splitting pattern and integration of 3 where very misleading however their chemical shift reaffirmed their identity as it is relatively to the left thus indicating a fair amount of shielding. With reference to the 13CNMR tables I was able to deduce the corresponding Carbon atoms based on two properties, chemical shift and peak height. The chemical shift (in accordance to the level of shielding/position of the C atoms) allowed me to locate peaks for carbonyl carbons (Carbon number 7 in both reactant and product) and more shielded carbon aand the height/integration of the peaks which corresponds to the number hydrogen atoms attached to the C atom in question. With reference to the DEPT-135 tables I was able to distinguish the difference between the C atoms in accordance with the different number of H attached to each C atom. This technique portrays CH and CH3 atoms as positively phased and CH2 atoms negatively phased. For atoms with the same phasing, I used the chemical shift ( as with 13 CNMR ) to distinguish between the C atoms in question. In this esterification, the product was maintained in a pH of 7-8. This was done in order to prevent a nucleophilic attack from hydroxide ions which would hydrolyse the product which and reverse the esterification thus converting the product back into the reactant. Rf values can be used to deduce the polarity of a molecule, where a low Rf value can indicate a polar molecule. This is based on how the molecule interacts with the mobile and stationary phases. For example; a low Rf value is a result of the molecule interacting with the polar stationary phase/silica and not travelling very far up the plate allowing us to deduce that its polar. Based on this theory and the fact that polarity increases with RMM; a larger molecule would be more polar and thus have a lower Rf. I would therefore predict that Isopropyl 4-Aminobenzoate would have a lower Rf value than Benzocaine due to its larger RMM making it more polar than Benzocaine. References UNCP. (2014). CNMR spectroscopy. Available: http://www2.uncp.edu/home/mcclurem/courses/chm550/nmr_lec4.pdf. Last accessed 06/03/2014.Chemspider. (2014).4-Aminobenzoic acid.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/953. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).benzocaine.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.13854242.html?rid=752b9fda-5ccb-49f3-bf93-47ceb79356b4. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Jim Clark. (2002).THE MECHANISM FOR THE ACID CATALYSED HYDROLYSIS OF ESTERS.Available: http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/catalysis/hydrolyse.html#top. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).4 aminobenzoic acid.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/953. Last accessed 06/03/2014. Chemspider. (2014).Isopropyl 4-Aminobenzoate.Available: http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.78903.html. Last accessed 07/03/2014.

Medea as Woman, Hero and God in Euripides Play Essay -- Euripides Med

Medea as Woman, Hero and God In Euripides' play the title role and focus of the play is the foreign witch Medea. Treated differently through the play by different people and at different times, she adapts and changes her character, finally triumphing over her hated husband Jason. She can feasibly be seen as a mortal woman, Aristotle's tragic hero figure and even as an exulted goddess. Medea's identity as a weak woman is emphasised at the very start of the play. It is made very clear that she has come to misfortune through no fault of her own and is powerless in her problem ("her world has turned to enmity"). Being unable to change her situation is an example of her portrayal as a weak woman figure. We are told that she has been crying for days ("lies collapsed in agony"). Soon after these descriptions of her weeping, the Tutor arrives and informs us that yet more bad news is coming her way ("not heard the worst" "banish them"). At this point all the pity is directed towards Medea, shunned by her husband and unable to control what is happening around her, instead crying uncontrollably ("shouting shrill, pitiful accusations"). Behind this weak figure however, we have the warnings of the Nurse, shadowing this pity. She describes Medea's fury brewing from the grief and how powerful it is ("not relax her rage" "like a mad bull or a lioness"). Her appearance as a woman in grief is well depicted but very soon Medea emerges from the house, shaking off this grief and instead focusing on revenge. Her speech when she leaves the house gives us some evidence of her sour temper. While talking she comes across as submissive ("I accept my place") and describes the unenviable position of women in society ("we women are the most wretc... ...tion for what they perceive to be justice. Works Cited Bates, William Nickerson. Euripides. Philadelphia: Philadelphia Press, 1930. "Euripides." Image-Nation. http://www.imagi-nation.com/moonstruck/clsc4.htm Lucas, F.L. Euripides and His Influence. NY: Cooper Square, 1963. Euripides.   "Medea."   The Norton Anthology of World Masterpieces.   Ed. Sarah Lawall.   New York and London:   W. W. Norton & Company, 1999.   642 - 672. Hamlyn, Paul.   Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.   Westbook House, Fulham Broadway, London.   Paul Hamlyn Limited 1959. McDermott, E A (1989) Euripides' Medea: The Incarnation of Disorder. Pennsylvania State University:USA Oxford Companion to Classical Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Zissos, Professor.   Classical Myth Lecture Notes.   July 20, 2001.   http://ccwf.cc.utexasz.edu/~paz/myth/notes.html

Education and Happiness Essay

Mosley refers to the status quo in a negative way and I do agree with his points of view. Americans just don’t seem to have some happiness in their lives anymore, and we should wonder why that is the case. The educational system doesn’t seem to be any better when it comes to helping us out with our own happiness there are just too many restrictions going on. The students can’t be themselves. Employment has become a need rather then people wanting to wake up every morning and looking forward to going to work. There is just so much going on, like economic problems, job cuts and people can’t find happiness anywhere. A person’s wellbeing should always be first especially when it comes to there happiness. It seems that the American government has put aside what their first responsibility to Americans is, which is making sure that the people are happy. In â€Å"Get Happy† Mosley says, â€Å"But our potential for happiness has lagged far behind,† and what I’m getting from this is that our citizen‘s wellbeing isn‘t put first, rather it is being put to the side and not being an important element of people‘s lives. The government isn’t doing their job in making sure we’re happy. They seem to be doing the bare minimum and just worrying about what is necessary to â€Å"help† the people in every way they can, but they don’t show any interest in their happiness. Education is now a big issue as well, for the fact that now schools are being referred to as being â€Å"prisonlike.† What I’m getting from all this is that there are just too many restrictions on students, and there is no sense of freedom at schools. Schools are being built in a prison like manner and just like in prison there is always someone of higher authority watching over everyone which might make people feel like they can’t be themselves and express how they might feel about certain things. Americans just aren’t happy with anything that’s going on around them because they’re being treated as is they were insignificant. We have the right to be happy, but its like no one is pursuing that goal anymore. They are settling for what they have. In other words, they’re just learning to live their lives the way they are. Jobs now have become so meaningless, and the only reason people stick around at their jobs is because they have to in order to be able to provide for their families. We are now just being controlled as if we were puppets. The government’s priorities have changed so much and happiness for Americans isn’t important to them anymore. In the reading it says, â€Å"Citizens are not treated like members of society but more like employees who can be cut loose for any reason large or small,† this just goes to show that people don’t seem to be important, especially them being happy. Citizens just feel the need to work because that’s one of the only way they can make it in life, and be able to provide for their family, even if it means waking up every morning and not looking forward to going to work. Citizens are unhappy because they have to take labor intensive jobs that enslave them. People even think that the more money they have that they have the happier they will be, but the reality is that money does not buy happiness. It might buy you what you want like a huge television, but doesn’t mean you’ll be happier. If a person has a good empowering education they might be more confident and want to accomplish many goals. This will bring them more happiness because they know they were able to take control of their own lives and get to where they want to be. For example, when someone has a job they hate and don’t look forward to going to work its because they might not of had the same opportunities as someone else. No one should have to settle for what they have, if a person keeps trying they can reach their happiness. If the school system is bad then of course the students won’t feel encouraged but rather feel forced to be there since most of the times there is no other choice. Of course having a dull job and bad school system will lead to a person’s unhappiness. When a person sets their own goals and doesn’t give up no matter the obstacles, and later make their goals come true a person will be a lot happier. Just knowing they accomplished what they set their mind will show them that they don’t have to settle for a meaningless job and especially being an unhappy person. A person’s happiness should always come first like it was set out to be by the government.

New Plays essays

New Plays essays FIACH MAC CONGHAIL PRESENTS ARIEL AT THE ABBEY THEATRE, DUBLIN THEATRE FESTIVAL, 05TH OCT 2002. Marina Carrs ARIEL was perhaps the most disturbing piece of theatre that I have ever been to see. This does not mean that I was disappointed with the performance of the actors, the way the set was designed or the tragedy based writing. The combination of all three elements resulted in an overall depressing yet sometimes-comical theatrical show. The set by Frank Conway was starkly designed; a simple wooden floor graduated towards the back with two entrances on opposite sides of the stage. These entrances looked almost like emergency exits positioned half way up brick walls with metallic effect steps. Centre stage was composed of a dining room table set up for a birthday party (cake etc) with a chandelier hanging directly above. Throughout the play the set altered little but the atmosphere changed often which gave the impression of different locations. The played is named Ariel yet the character herself is not seen very often throughout the show. The daughter of Fermoy Fitzgerald a rich ambitious business- man who plans to become a politician, Ariel has just celebrated her sixteenth birthday and mysteriously goes missing. Fermoy has made his money from the cement business but has ambitions to become the next Taoiseach. His ambition we see (as the play skips on ten years) is about to be realised but not without an underlying uneasy feeling surrounding the disappearance of his daughter. Marina Carrs play is loosely based around Euripides IPHIGENIA. As with all Greek Tragedies blood is shed and it makes no difference how closely related to the person you are, if you find a problem with them then its time for them to go. The killings were quite believable at first but by the time the denouement of the play commenced I felt we had seen a little too much blood and the murders became almost farcical. ...

Medicine, The Romans and the ancient Greeks Essays

Medicine, The Romans and the ancient Greeks Essays Medicine, The Romans and the ancient Greeks Essay Medicine, The Romans and the ancient Greeks Essay Essay Topic: History We often take it for granted that doctors can successfully treat most of mankinds diseases. In fact, were usually dumbfounded when they cant. But it wasnt that long ago those doctors had extremely limited knowledge and resources in fighting disease. The people of Ancient Egypt made several major medical discoveries and began treating diseases in a physical manner alongside older spiritual cures. Fuelled by a desire to enter the afterlife Egyptian knowledge of the workings of the body took in new areas of medicine ranging from a basic understanding to the introduction of surgical experiments. Medicine was very important to the Ancient Greek. Medical practice in Ancient Greece, like Egypt, was based largely upon religious beliefs. The Cult of Asclepios grew in popularity and was a major provider of medical care. This cult developed old theories and introduced several treatments not too dissimilar from modern alternative medicines (herbs, spices). Such treatment the Greeks used was the Temple of Asclepios this was a kind of health farm that you see today it included a stadium and this was for exercise to keep you fit and healthy and threw as also a gymnasium. The other buildings there were for religious purposes like the Abaton. This was for the patients to sleep in a warm, quiet area so that the Greek Gods and their healing snakes would visit them. The Asclepion was designed to relax the patients who were sick, injured or the stressed. The Ancient Greeks though made major strides in medical knowledge. The works of Hippocrates (a Greek medical genius) and his followers led to several scientific facts being recorded for the first time he was the first person ever to study the patients he was working with his method: diagnose, prognose, observe and treat. Hippocrates theory of the Four Humours was, for a long time, the basis upon which to develop their medical knowledge. Some of the medical methods we use are based around methods Hippocrates thought all them years ago! Roman medicine was a mixture of new theories and developments of Greek practices. Medicine was improved through the studies of Galen; this was through a desire to maintain a fit and healthy army to keep control of their empire. Medicine in Ancient Rome also brought about some great developments of Public Health facilities. Unlike the Greeks the Roman cities were very large and contained a lot of people, they did this so that communication was good and therefore ideas would spread quickly, but so would diseases. Instead of the Ancient Greeks the Romans had doctors to stop disease before catching it, whereas the Greeks would try to find a cure and they would take their time, the Romans could not afford to do this as they had a big army to look after and they could not risk plagues or other terrible diseases going through their armies. They had developed the Greek ideas of running water and washing thoroughly. The first doctors in Rome were Greek; they were captured in battle after the Roman Empire had now made their move for world domination. As you can imagine the people of Rome didnt like this, as they would feel inferior in medicine. In 46bc Julius Cesar (The Emperor) said that doctors could become citizens of the Roman Empire, as all the doctors in Rome were Greek, this was now an incentive for all Greek people to train as a doctor. The people of Rome didnt like the Greek method of treating the sick as they thought a healthy diet and exercise would not work. Everybody had read about Hippocrates who was a famous Greek doctor and the doctors became more frequent throughout Rome mainly to a shortage of jobs at the Greeks fallen Empire. The Roman population was now around 1million and they now had an independent government. The price for doctors was very high and for people who couldnt afford this they had to prepare home remedies, such as herbs and spices. They realised after a lot of people were becoming ill that they were all living next to a swamp that realised that the swamps were causing this disease that was killing the population, the disease is now commonly known as malaria. To prevent this they built a temple next to the swamp and dedicated this to the god of Fever. They soon noticed that this wasnt working and they decided to drain the pond. This proves that the Romans thought about their methods and questioned them and try to improve them. The Romans were now very wealthy and could afford to train their own doctors although the training was based on the Hippocratic oath deigned by Hippocrates the Greek doctor, but his method did work as not long after the Romans started to design their own instrument for amputations on their patients. They had started to employ Public Doctors these were to make sure the Roman people were all fit and healthy. There were still other method of curing or preventing disease and that was to build temples for the Gods theses were called Asclepions, they were to treat the injured and the unwell. They were also the first people to introduce the Roman baths these were for people to relax and to wash themselves in, they would cost a small amount of money so the baths could be kept clean. It didnt stop there as they invented the first public toilets, these were made to stop the public going to the toilet in the street to stop infection and disease. In Roman times there idea was that prevention was better than cure. but the main reason was that they thought that a bad smell meant that there was disease about and therefore they wanted to stop any bad smell this was also a reason why they built the Asclepions. They built these sacred medical buildings after a plague in 293bc. This is at least one of the similarities of the Greek and Roman medical knowledge. In AD 129-216 the new face of Roman medicine was arriving. Galen was a doctor from the age of 12; he had a very rich family. He met lots of important people and he was taught at the best medical school around in the great city of Alexandria on the mouth of the River Nile (Egypt) where he studied medicine for 10 years. Galen travelled around the Roman Empire finding out about new ideas and cures. He later returned back to his birthplace in Pergamum in 157AD to a job tending to the Gladiators and later in 161AD ha travelled to Rome to work on the Gladiators there. This is where Galen writes hid books about his cures and theories for illnesses. Galen then decides to dissect animals, as he wants to find out more about the human body. He cant cut up a human body, as that is illegal in the Roman Empire even for medical purposes! There was one problem with this method and that was that he thought the animals he was dissecting and looking at their bones were the same as human bones and so he wrote wrong information in his books i. e. he realised that monkeys had 2 jaw bones and so he wrote that humans did as well, but as we well know they do not.

Ethical Decision Making and Leadership as Portrayed in the End of the Essay

Ethical Decision Making and Leadership as Portrayed in the End of the Line Film - Essay Example This study looks into the film â€Å"End of the Line, a documentary film directed by Rupert Murray that focuses on the implications of overfishing across the world. The film is portraying how fishing in modern times is leading to ocean ecosystems destruction. The film shows that the current consumption of fish in the world is very high thereby resulting to overfishing. It shows the fishing communities in the Mediterranean who are long- established being endangered. There is also evidence that the young fishermen in Senegal can no longer compete with the international fleets whose technology is more advanced, hence depriving them the ability to feed their families. Additionally, it reveals that Newfoundland is almost running out of cod despite its fish- rich waters attracting legions of migrants in the past. Apart from these parts of the globe, the film also reveals how overfishing has caused local disparities and corporate iniquities in China, Japan, Malta, and Gibraltar. The film n ot only examines the likely adverse consequences of overfishing to the climate, marine life, and human livelihoods, but also provides potential remedies to these consequences such as reducing the number of fishing fleets. According to Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO], the fishing industry is a significant contributor to the world economy, particularly with regard to human food consumption and provision of input factors in some industrial processes. Besides, the industry is a source of livelihood to over 600 million people across the world. Sutherland and Canwell (2011, p. 28) note, fishing industry has three major sectors. The first one is the commercial sector that involves individuals and enterprises that are associated with aquaculture resources and transformations of these resources into sale products. The second sector is recreational sector that is made up of individuals and enterprises that use fishing for purposes of sport or recreation. The third sector is the tradit ional sector that comprises individuals and enterprises that use or derive fisheries resources in accordance with their respective traditions (McGowan, 2003, p. 35). Unfortunately, as it can be seen from the movie, overfishing threatens all these sectors of fishing industry. Ethical Issues in Fishing Industry Fishing industry and the policies that govern it has a wide impact to the living conditions of significant number of people in the world. Fishing is a very crucial source of employment, social and economic benefits, food, and foundation of traditions and cultures (Barnett, 2006, p. 116). Despite the realization that fisheries resources can be depleted, these resources were treated as though they are inexhaustible. However, the recent increase in demand of fish and fish products across the world has brought to light the need to consider how fisheries resources are treated (Vasil'ev, 2011, p. 30). Most expert opinions and researches have indicated that fisheries resources cannot be sustainable in the long run (Kaiser & Forsberg, 2001, p. 191). Out of these facts, ethical issues in fisheries have arisen and they relate to ecosystem and human wellbeing. Food and Agriculture Organization [FAO] (2005) has discussed the right to food, overfishing, ecosystem degradation, poverty as the main ethical issues facing fishing industry. i) Right to Food The first ethical issue in fisheries as noted by FAO is the right to food. FAO observes that fish is a major source of both nutrition and livelihood to millions of poorest people in the world (FAO, 2005, p. 9). Responding to wide spread and persistent hunger, the 1996 Rome Declaration on World Food Security and the World Food Summit Plan of Action reiterated the right of every person to sufficient food and the basic right to be free from hunger as stipulated in the

Factors in Asian Urban Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Factors in Asian Urban Growth - Essay Example In relation to population and size, Asia is the world’s largest and most populous continent. Its gross domestic product is the third highest in the world. With the rise of globalization, world economies had structural adjustments which influenced production, resource utilization and wealth creation (Clark, 2003). Asian economies experienced high development in the manufacturing industry supplemented by the availability of cheap labor. According to Keiner, Schretzenmayr and Schmid (2005), urbanization in Asia has occurred at some of the fastest rates in history with a rise in large urban agglomerates. The urban growth is expected to increase more as time goes by, especially within the least developed, low income economies in Asia. This fast rate of urban growth in Asia has been linked with the population dynamics, economic markets and socio-political conditions of the region. Population growth has always been a factor in economic development. The Malthusian theory on population is that a high population can lead to a crash in the economy by leading it to acute poverty while trying to sustain the population’s needs. There are better views to population in that a large population means the availability of a large labour force and domestic market. An increase in population also encourages technological advancement and innovation in a bid to meet the rising need for certain goods and services according to Clark (2003). Asian population levels have been high over time even before this burst of urbanization. The population has a big role in the urbanization and development since they occupy the urban cities and engage in economic activities that sustain the rise of urban centers. Likewise the socio -political environment is also important to the urban growth. Success in economic development depends greatly on the political and administrative officials. These government officials also influence infrastructural development in the urban centers and rural ar eas of a country. Asia is a politically, economically socially and culturally diverse region. With globalization, countries in the region have been able to integrate especially to facilitate trade and economic activities. The rate of infrastructure growth in many Asian cities has been inevitable given the rising population. Roads, hospitals, schools and housing facilities in the urban centers had to be expanded in order to accommodate this population. The other factor related to urbanization is the economic markets. Compared to the other two factors the effects of the economy in the development of cities are more pronounced. Most Asian economic markets are characterized by free trade, booming capital markets, reduced regulations economic freedom, and security of property rights. In addition to this, economic integration in the region and with other economies of the world has led to a further increase in economic activity in the region (Landau, 2001). Economic integration led to conn ectivity among cities in the Asian region in order to facilitate the flow of goods and services, people, investments and communication between them. Free trade in the area has been encouraged by the formation of trade blocs. They include Asian pacific cooperation (APEC), whose aim is to promote free trade and economic cooperation the Asia pacific region. The Asia- Europe meeting (ASEM) works towards security of economy by deepening relations between Asia and Europe at all levels. The major trade bloc in the are which is the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) has its main objectives to have a free trade area , with common external preferential tariff

Issues in accounting for R&D investment - a perspective from the Dissertation

Issues in accounting for R&D investment - a perspective from the pharmaceutical industry - Dissertation Example The companies operating in the pharmaceutical industry spend millions of dollars each year in the research and development expenditure so that they are able to devise new methods and medicine that are able to cure and provide sustenance to the human body from deadly diseases. From the financial perspective, the research and development expenditure forms an integral part of the financial statements of any pharmaceutical company. Over the years, a debate has been going between the financial managers and the economists regarding the fact pertaining to the accounting treatment of the research and development expenditure in the financial statements of the pharmaceutical companies. ... This particular, in addition to providing a brief historical background of the R&D accounting treatments, highlights the following main R&D accounting issues and their most prudent accounting treatment in the financial statements of a pharmaceutical company: Goodwill accounting during merger and acquisition transaction between multinational Exchange of intangible assets with continuing involvement Upfront payments to conduct research with access to the research Payments made to conduct research Upfront payments received to conduct development: Interim recognition Upfront payments received to conduct development: Completion Donation payment for research Loans received to fund research and development purposes Segmental reporting of internal research and development Treatment of development supplies Advertising and promotional expenditure Accounting for the cost of free samples Line extension development costs The paper also presents the linkage between the research and development exp enditure and financial viability. For this purpose the last three financial years of AsteraZeneca is used. Introduction The top of the worldwide pharmaceutical market is the US and it is expected to hit almost $345 billion in 2014. The second largest market is the Japanese market and then the European market including Germany France, and Chinese market (Market line industry guide, 2012). However, the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Wholesalers (IFPW) shows that growth rates in developed and developing markets based on their capability to recover from the economic crisis is significantly inconsistent. According to the research of Urch Publishing (2012), the global pharmaceutical industry in 2014 is expected to be worth over $1 trillion with a 5% compound annual growth

Establishing Special Courts Catering to Human Trafficking Cases Essay Example for Free

Establishing Special Courts Catering to Human Trafficking Cases Essay Last 2012, Ms. Joy Ngozi Ezeilo, an envoy from the United Nations visited the Philippines to observe the situation of human trafficking in the country. Ms. Ezeilo stated that â€Å"the Philippines is undoubtedly a source country for human trafficking, and the problem is not declining. † One of the solutions she proposed to address the problem were special courts catering to human trafficking cases. (Reyes, 2012. ) Human trafficking thrives in poverty lack of education, which are the main catalysts for individuals to be ushered into trafficking. (â€Å"An introduction to Human Trafficking†, 2008. These are some of the problems the government is facing, and the two are very interconnected because they are the cause and effects of each other. Poverty leads to lack of education, and lack of education leads to poverty. The government is doing what they can to help minimize the issue, but they admit that it would take some time. (Sisante, 2008. ) Education is a way to combat trafficking, due to the fact that education leads to decent employment, and a well-informed individual would be more aware of the dangers of being trafficked, thus preventing it to happen in his/her life. However, ideal this may sound, it is not possible to solve poverty and lack of education in a snap. There has to be other solutions to consider that could be done now and would have a great impact. The establishment of special courts tackling specifically human trafficking-oriented cases is a practical solution that would greatly expedite the process of punishing human traffickers and by extension greatly reduce the number of cases of human trafficking in the Philippines, helping alleviate its social, economic, and political consequences. Before special courts as a solution is to be discussed any further, it is important to define what a special court is. Specialized courts are defined by the International Journal for Court Administration as â€Å"tribunals of narrowly focused jurisdiction to which all cases that fall within that jurisdiction are routed. † (Zimmer, 2009) The following paragraphs are going to discuss the counterarguments against special courts, and would be briefly refuted before the three main arguments in favor of special courts are presented. The opposition may claim special courts as an unnecessary expenditure and inaccessible. They claim that it is unnecessary because the creation of new courts is onerous and constitutes unnecessary expenditures, particularly if cases are seasonal, and funds could go to waste if it remains idle. (Zimmer, 2009. ) The creation of a court would automatically imply expenditures. The court has to pay for the administrative costs, the physical court, and other expenses needed to assist the victims, like court psychiatrists. It would also require effort on the judiciary, and the Supreme Court, due to the fact that special courts have to be set-up with care in order for its potential in eliminating cases to be maximized. Zimmer, 2009) However, funding is not a strong argument, because the government has money. It is the proper allocation of the funds, or budgeting that is in question. The government has established special courts for environmental cases in 2008, 117 to be exact. (Salaveirra, 2008) If the government has placed effort enough to set up courts to save the environment, shouldn’t it be a priority to set up courts to fight for human trafficking victims, who have been robbed of their rights? Human rights should always be kept in the priority list of the government. Recently, it has been reported that the government is funding the Department of Health with 500 million pesos for contraceptives for the year 2013. One of their aims was to ‘combat poverty’. (Fernandez, 2012. ) This shows that the government tries to prioritize the poor, however it just shows that they haven’t thought of more practical ways to combat poverty, without being morally questionable, and without robbing humans the right to life. Chief Justice Puno stated that preservation of human rights and the right to life should be considered more than the financial burden a special court entails. Rempillo, 2007. ) This is what the special court for human trafficking should be for, to fight for rights. A $1. 5 million budget or almost ? 65 million is allotted by the national government to support operations against human trafficking, prosecution of offenders, and for the protection of the public. (IACAT, 2012. ) The special courts would allow this budget to be maximized to its full potential in expediting human trafficking cases. Public access could also be limited. Some judges prefer not to be in a special court setting because it limits their trials to criminal cases. Bakker, 1997) Public access may also be limited due to the fact that you cannot establish it everywhere, and the judges are most likely to stay in their respective courts. If public access is considered a problem, then strategically locating these physical courts would be the solution. To place special courts in accessible areas in which the cases are numerous could actually help the victims to easily access justice. Some judges may not want to be in a special court setting because it limits their trials to specific criminal cases. (Bakker, 1997. However, this could turn into an advantage because if they keep seeing the same class of cases over and over again, they could render out decisions faster and more efficiently, due to a better understanding of the cases that they deal with. (Zimmer, 2009. ) There are three solutions to human trafficking: prosecution, prevention, and protection. (EHTN, n. d. ) The establishment of special courts would aid in prosecution, due to the speedy justice it serves, prevention, since it is an effective deterrent for criminals involved, and protection, due to its aims in protecting the victims, and the witnesses during the timeframe of the case. The following paragraphs would elaborate more on why special courts should be established. Firstly, special courts would aid in prosecution and are practical. This is supported by the prevalence of human trafficking, the poor enforcement of justice, specifically in human trafficking cases, the need to distinguish human trafficking as a family of cases that should be differentiated from labor contract violations, the legal precedents such as previous special courts set-up for heinous crimes, and the successful implementation of human trafficking courts in other nations. Human trafficking is a serious issue in the Philippines. As pointed out by the UN envoy Ezeilo, the Philippines is a source country for human trafficking. (Reyes, 2012. ) This is due to the fact that when Filipinos go abroad for work opportunities, they get vulnerable to recruitment by fraudulent recruitment agencies. Internal trafficking is also a serious issue because forced labor, prostitution, child labor, and other forms of trafficking are victimizing people who are moving from rural areas to urban centers. [para, US Department of State, 2011 as cited by (â€Å"Human Trafficking in East Asia Pacific.. , n. d. )] The rise of human trafficking cases in the Philippines, particularly in the Visayas region, is 97% in 2012, in comparison to the cases filed in 2010. There were 436 human trafficking victims in Central Visayas alone. (â€Å"State prosecutors see increase.. †, 2012) Another alarming detail is the prevalence of child labor. There has been an estimation of more than 2. 2 million working children aged 15-17 in the country. (US Department of State, 2011. as cited by (â€Å"Human Trafficking in East Asia Pacific.. †, n. d. It is also believed that 60,000-100,000 Filipino children are involved in prostitution rings. (Challenger, 2010. ) The previous information stated imply that there are thousands of potential cases to be filed, and special courts would help in fast-tracking the cases to avoid backlog, and to insure fair and speedy justice. The government has fallen short in the enforcement of justice in dealing with human trafficking cases. There were 680 pending or ongoing cases, and an additional 129 cases pending at the Department of Justice during the year 2012. â€Å"Trafficking in Persons.. †, 2012. ) This shows a huge amount of backlog and ongoing cases, which shows the prevalence of the cases, and the lack of efficiency on the part of the judiciary when it comes to dealing with human trafficking cases. In the Philippines, it takes three to four years to conclude human trafficking cases, which supports the previous statement about the inefficiency of the judiciary. Human trafficking is a family of cases. It is an organized criminal activity in which human beings are treated as possessions to be controlled and exploited. Forms of human trafficking include sex trafficking, forced labor, child labor, selling of organs, and recruitment of children in military work, are forms of human trafficking. (â€Å"Human Trafficking: Organized Crime.. †, 2012) These crimes (except for the selling of organs) are usually confused with labor contract violations, in which the special court would come in handy. In 2012, there have only been two out of twenty-nine traffickers convicted for labor exploitation, showing that the judiciary is not paying enough attention to it. â€Å"Trafficking in Persons †, 2012. );(Reyes, 2012. ) The special court would help differentiate the two, and allow the human trafficking cases to be dealt with properly. (â€Å"Trafficking in Persons †, 2012) Expertise and uniformity are traits of special courts, and could be put to good use so that there is consistency in applying the law. The expertise of judges in specialized courts are likely to produce better decisions in t he respective cases and are less likely to generate appeals to be taken. (Zimmer, 2009. ) The judiciary has established several special courts for other cases, which gives a legal precedent for human trafficking courts. The Administrative circular no. 104-96 from the Supreme Court discusses the establishment of special courts that cater to heinous crimes for speedy and efficient justice. (â€Å"Administrative Circular No. 104-96†, 1996) This document shows that special courts have been done before, so it implies that it can be done again. Environmental courts, extrajudicial killings, and tax courts are some of the examples of special courts established in the Philippines. Representative Mel Senen Sarmiento of the first district of Samar is pushing for the creation of special courts for human trafficking, saying that â€Å"the Philippines is close to Somalia and Myanmar as regards trafficking, merchandising their people like cattle. If congress can create courts for drug traffickers why not a court for human traffickers too? (Quirante, 2010. ) In other nations such as Dubai and India, special human trafficking courts have been effectively established. Dubai believes that the special human trafficking courts established would speed up cases. Constantine, 2010. ) Meanwhile, the human trafficking court in Mumbai disposed a large backlog of cases in a span of a year, which included 438 cases, and convictions in 81 cases. It also ordered the closure of 11 brothels. (â€Å"US Officials Impressed†, 2011) This proves that it is an effective solution to exercise justice, and to help bring criminals behind bars. A political benefit that the Philippines could gain from establishing special courts is the improvement of the nation’s ranking in the United States’ Trafficking in Persons Report. Currently, the nation is ranked in tier 2, which means that the country is making significant efforts to fight human trafficking, but it does not yet meet minimum standards. Why should the nation take an effort in improving our tier ranking? If the nation falls into tier 3, the US would withhold or withdraw non-humanitarian, non-trade-related foreign assistance as a consequence. (â€Å"Tiers: Placement †, 2011) This is important because not only would the country be able to maintain the implementation of rights, but also maintain good diplomatic relations with the United States. Secondly, special courts would help prevent human trafficking. This is due to the fact that the courts would be an effective deterrent to the criminals involved in the crime. It would lessen the economic advantages and benefits that make the industry appealing to people, and it would help alleviate the economic and political consequences of human trafficking. When the suspects, and people who are interested in getting involved in the industry, see that justice is being enforced, they will eventually act on their fear of being caught and possibly stop in their advances. If not, the possibility of them being caught could possibly increase as society becomes more and more aware of human trafficking, and more confident in filing complaints as they see justice being served. Not only would it put criminals behind bars, but it would also put their name to shame. In the first quarter of 2013, a new law was signed by President Benigno Aquino. Republic Act 10364, the Expanded Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012, removed the confidentiality provision in the previous law, RA 9208. RA 9208 does not allow the names and circumstances of the victims and the criminal to be made public at any stage of investigation, rescue, prosecution and trial. With the confidentiality clause removed, this allows the public to know the identity of the criminals, so as not to risk being victimized by them. (Punay, 2013. ) With the special court at hand, the criminals would not only be humiliated publicly, but they will be put to justice quickly. Special courts could aid in alleviating the loss of human resources due to trafficking. In human trafficking, the labor force is misused and therefore, is kept from contributing to the nation’s economy that causes the loss of revenue. (â€Å"An introduction to Human Trafficking†, 2008) The labor force should be able to provide for their family and contribute to taxes for the betterment of the nation, but with the potential labor force being exploited in human trafficking, this does not allow them to do so. With putting the criminals behind bars in a more efficient way, it prevents people from being trafficked in the first place. Special courts could also eventually help stop the unlawful distribution of national wealth, and influences markets, political power, and societal relations. (â€Å"An introduction to Human Trafficking†, 2008) Traffickers affect fair competition due to the fact that some companies outsource their productions for a cheaper price, not knowing that trafficked people are used in the factories. Traffickers make 32 billion annually. Not only is it untaxed, but people who actually provided the labor do not gain from this. (â€Å"An Introduction to Human Trafficking†, 2008. ) Special courts would also lessen human trafficking’s political implications due to illegal immigration. Migration policies are tightened because of illegal immigration. Due to these policies, victims are forced to enter other countries illegally, and when they are caught, the may be considered as collaborators which makes the implementation of rights as an issue. (â€Å"An introduction to Human Trafficking†, 2008. ) This could also lead to giving people difficult time in looking for better work opportunities abroad, due to the fact that they could not migrate easily. It benefits people in a way that trafficking could be prevented, but traffickers find other ways to get the victims through the borders. Trafficking victims and smuggled people are different because smuggled people gain their freedom when they reach their destination while trafficked victims are not. (â€Å"An introduction to Human Trafficking†, 2008. ) With the courts established, and the criminals sent behind bars, the opportunity for them to traffic more innocent people in ther nations, where they are subject to human rights violations. It is important to refer to the Mumbai Special court, that was successful in eradicating trafficking in the city to some extent due to the closing of human-trafficking related businesses, and justice being served to the criminals. (â€Å"US Officials Impressed †, 2011) Lastly, special courts would reintegrate the victim to society faster. Human trafficking, as a grave violation to human rights, has a psychological effect on victims. The protection of the victims and the witnesses during the timeframe of the case’s trial is also a vital need required of the law, and without this protection, the timeframe is lengthened. There is also a need to make society realize that the victim was at no fault to push it to accept the victim again. How do these things contribute to faster reintegration of the victim to society? Psychological and medical help is required of the law, and it is the court’s duty to make sure that the victim gets to enjoy these benefits. RA 9208, 2003. ) Most human trafficking victims experience post-traumatic stress, which should be brought into attention so that it could be alleviated, thus helping the victim live a normal life again. (Williamson, Dutch, Clawson, 2012. ) This is due to the victims being drugged or being deprived of their basic needs such as food as â€Å"motivation† to work by their traffickers. (Challenger, 2010. ) It is presumed that the specialized court wou ld assist the victims properly, and according to their needs. (Reyes, 2012. ) Another responsibility of the court is to ensure protection of not only the victim, but also the witness. It is required by the Anti-Trafficking law. (RA 9208, 2003. ) This would insure protection so that both victims and witnesses won’t be afraid to tell the truth. (Reyes, 2012. ) Dubai believes that the special human trafficking court would provide a safe environment for witnesses. (Constantine, 2010. ) Fear suppresses the implementation of justice. Fear of retaliation causes the victims and/or witnessed to withdraw or decline cooperation which leads to a lengthy trial. In 2010, only 3 trafficking cases were assisted by the Department of Justice due to unwillingness of the victims. (US Department of State, 2011. as cited by (â€Å"Human Trafficking in East Asia Pacific.. †, n. d. ) The less time it takes to conclude the case, the easier it is for the victim to cooperate, because in slow trials, there is a fear of the possibility of the accused party could retaliate and scare off the victim and/or witnesses. In Philippine Special Courts, mandatory continuous trial that should be terminated within 60 days and the decision should be rendered within 30. â€Å"Administrative Circular No. 104-96†, 1996) This timeframe is reasonable enough to allow the court to collect evidences and investigate, and for the judge to study the case well in order to render a fair decision. Special courts, when they implement justice, would help society realize that the victim was not at fault. It would help society accept the victim. In most cases, being traff icked affects the social stigma of the victim, who is disapproved for returning without promised wealth. Society has the tendency to blame the victim for disgracing his/herself and his/her family due to the fact that they don’t realize that the trafficker is at fault, and not the victim. (â€Å"An introduction to Human Trafficking†, 2008. ) With the special court, it would be made clear that the victim was, indeed a victim, and did not consent to the injustices that he/she suffered. This would also show that the government is, indeed, taking the issue seriously, and will do what they can to make sure that the offenders pay for their crimes. It would also help society become aware of the seriousness of human trafficking as an issue in the country. The establishment of special courts is a good and practical solution that could be immediately applied by the nation. With the implications that the establishment of the special courts is to be well-studied by the judiciary for good implementation, resulting in good, educated decisions in choosing qualified staff, strategic placement of physical courts, then the special court would be maximized in helping towards the eradication of human trafficking.

Ligeia as a Triumph Over Patriarchy Essay -- Ligeia Essays

Ligeia as a Triumph Over Patriarchy  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   From the time that "Ligeia" was written, critics have searched for meaning within Poe's story of a beautiful woman who died and returned in another's body. While all critics have moved in different directions, many have arguably found an allegorical meaning behind the tale. Because many literary theories depend on each other, contemporary critics tend not to limit themselves to any single theory. Many critics employ multiple theoretical perspectives at once so that a text can be best understood. Many critics have looked to Poe's relationship with women for understanding, combining biographical and feminist theory, while other critics use a variety of approaches, such as formalism and psychoanalysis, to develop their own understanding of what they believe to be an allegory. The collection of literary criticism surrounding "Ligeia" is insightful and comprehensive, and readers have the opportunity to examine interpretations from many different branches of literary theory. B y looking at how critics from five different fields of criticism approach "Ligeia," readers can see how contemporary critics can interpret from a variety of perspectives in order to acquire some deeper understanding of the work.    One of the most widely used applications of literary criticism is formalism or as it is often called, New Criticism. The formalist perspective treats each piece of literature as a self-sufficient work, placing all avenues for understanding in the text itself, ignoring the social and political contexts of the author and publication, the author's biography, and other works by the same author. Formalist critics believe that form and structure are essential to the effectiveness of th... ...Linda J. "'Ligeia': The Facts in the Case." Studies in Weird Fiction. 21 (1997): 10-16. Howard, Brad. "'The Conqueror Worm': Dramatizing Aesthetics in 'Ligeia'." Poe Studies. 21.2 (1988): 36-43. Johanyak, Debra. "Poesian Feminism: Triumph or Tragedy." College Language Association Journal. 39.1 (1995): 62-70. Jones, Daryl E. "Poe's Siren: Character and Meaning in 'Ligeia.'" Studies in Short Fiction. 20.1 (1983): 33-37. Kennedy, J. Gerald. "Poe, 'Ligeia,' and the Problem of Dying Women." New Essays on Poe's Major Tales. Ed. Kenneth Silverman. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1993. 113-129. McEntee, Grace. "Remembering Ligeia." Studies in American Fiction. 20.1 (1992): 75-83. Poe, Edgar Allan. "Ligeia." The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Shorter 4th ed. Ed. Baym, Nina, et al. New York: WW Norton & Company, 1995. 655-664.