Saturday, December 28, 2019

Medical School And Residential Internship - 952 Words

I will never forget that fateful day in March 1999 when my family and I went to visit my aunt in the hospital. You see, my aunt had recently visited her doctor regarding a persistent mass on her head, an occurrence that was wholly unconcerning to her and my family. However, much to our dismay, we learned that my aunt had metastatic cancer and would require chemotherapy as soon as possible. I remember every second of that encounter as the doctor explained her disease state, in laymen terms, and the rigor and hardship that chemotherapy would cause. Despite only being in eighth grade, one of the most vivid parts of my recollection was the patience and support that the doctor offered. It was through his support that I felt the fear and uncertainty decrease as our family realized that we would not face this struggle alone. Through this hardship, I realized that medicine was undoubtedly part of my path in life. During my medical school and residential internship in India, I realized that I enjoyed the challenge of utilizing a wide breadth of knowledge and clinical expertise in arriving at a final diagnosis that allowed me to institute an individually directed treatment plan. Further, I realized that I enjoyed working with all subsets of patients from pediatrics to geriatrics as well as the various branches of medicine. Family Medicine offers me this opportunity and rather than restricting my patient population or medical involvement, it encourages me to gain knowledge in allShow MoreRelatedMy Enthusiasm For A Compensation And Pension Essay817 Words   |  4 PagesPension (CP) Psychologist position at the Memphis VA Medical Center. I obtained my doctoral degree from the PGSP-Stanford Consortium and recently completed a primary care psychology fellowship at the VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle Division. Additionally, I passed the Examination for Professional Practice in Psychol ogy (EPPP) and anticipate full licensure upon approval from TN’s Board of Examiners in Psychology. Beginning in graduate school, I have had long-term career aspirations to provideRead MoreUnited States Versus Nepal s Healthcare System1167 Words   |  5 Pagessystem in each country is intended to meet the best possible medical services needs of its citizens. One country’s healthcare system can vary from another. This is according to their administration strategy, training, education, technology, and spending plan. Social, economic, political, and physical parts of the nation also play huge role in defining a country’s healthcare system. There are many similarities in the delivery of medical services between United States and Nepal. For the middle classRead MoreEssay886 Words   |  4 Pagesof collaboration and learning. 3. What inspires you? The scientific community inspires me. I have always dreamed of making a significant contribution and watching others make remarkable discoveries has made me push myself each day. 4. Yale’s residential colleges regularly host intimate conversations with guests representing a wide range of experiences and accomplishments. What person, past or present, would you invite to speak? What question would you ask? I would invite Toby Cosgrove to speakRead MoreProject Manager Of The Residential Program At Applewood Centers Inc.2141 Words   |  9 Pagesprogram manager of the residential program at Applewood Centers Inc. It was at this instant that I knew this was the perfect company to complete my foundation internship. While researching organizations to intern at, I kept coming back to Applewood. This organization has so much to offer to its participants. What really won me over with pursing this organization was an annual meeting I attended in which a former client stood and gave his testimony about his journey in the residential treatment facilityRead MoreRoles Of Clinical Manager. Clinical Manager’S Primary Purpose1334 Words   |  6 Pagesarise from employees, patients, and doctors. Their job is to appoint authority and make important decisions. According to Occupational Outlook Handbook, clinical managers are referred as medical and health service managers who plan, direct and coordinate medical services. They obtain duties to keep the medical facility in order. Typically, their duties include recruitment and development of staff, allocate financial resources, collaborate ideas with executive doctors, staff, and other health professionalsRead MoreCareer Research Assignment : Nursing1245 Words   |  5 Pagespractice is an important one on one interpersonal relationship that involves many different aspects of holistic and physiological care and great attention to detail. Nursing is a profession I have been interested in since the beginning of my high school career and one I will continue to advance in. Topics to be covered in this paper include but are not limited to: the history and background of nursing, requirements to obtain a nursing career, pros and cons of this career, and advancement opportunitiesRead MoreUniversity Of Arizona And Grand Canyon University1371 Words   |  6 PagesThe high school senior year is indeed a rough year. Students are overwhelmed with stress applying for colleges, having their fingers crossed to be accepted in their first choice college. The primary step before applying for colleges is selecting which college best suits them in pursuing their dream career. Sometimes, more than half of the students dream of being in the medical field, satisfying that there’s still people in the world that want to help out others, and what’s better than helping themRead MoreMy Research Interests in Psychology823 Words   |  4 PagesProgram (SROP). My research during this summer internship was on the Autism Spectrum and employment, specifically programs that address the vocational needs of Highly Functioning Autistics. The collaboration of my undergraduate research, volunteer experiences and extracurricular involvement opened the door to life applications of psychology. The prominent experiences that imprinted on me were volunteering with the Veteran’s Administration Medical Center in Salem, VA. I experienced the PosttraumaticRead MoreMy Views On Public Health Essay1545 Words   |  7 Pageswitnessed a lot of avoidable premature deaths and sufferings from diseases among people in my homeland. In particular, I noticed that women and children living in rural areas are the most frequent victims of these adverse consequences. During high school, I thought that the treatment of the sick mothers or children would be the best way to prevent such unfortunate deaths. That is why I always dreamt of being a physician. While pursuing the Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) degree,Read MoreMedicine Physical Therapy Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesIf considering becoming a Sports Medicine Physical Therapist, one should prepare for the amount of education and training required to fulfill the job. It is crucial that anyone going into the medical field earns a high school diploma. College admissions directors will be looking for exceptional high school education backgrounds. Although these courses may not be required, it would be beneficial to take health and nutrition classes, along with science courses such as biology, chemistry, and physics

Friday, December 20, 2019

Amazon s Supply Chain Management Essay - 1187 Words

Every company has their own supply chain in order to sort or produce goods. However, the company needs to manage supply chain to maximize its highest benefits. By having effective supply chain management, the company can ensure that the right product or service will be available at the time to the right place and at the right price (Kamal 2007). Amazon is one of the companies that have best supply chain practices in order to respond high level of responsiveness for the customers. Thereby, this paper explains about Amazon Company, analysis of Amazon’s supply chain, recommendations and barriers to implement will be discussed. Company background Amazon is an American commerce company based in Seattle, Washington, USA. The company used to be only a bookstore, but now it diversified into difference type of products. The goal of Amazon is to provide one stop shop experience where the customer can find everything on Amazon as earth’s biggest selection (Warman 2012). Amazon operates as a pure internet retailers that does not have retail store at all while the delivery will be done through Amazon’s networks of distribution centres. This operation makes the company is able to provide wider range of goods and lower cost of products with high quality. Moreover, it is also increase customer satisfaction as it supports customer convenience. An effective supply chain strategy makes the company is able to respond high level of responsiveness. Amazon balances between cost of distributionsShow MoreRelatedSupply Chain Management And Distribution1520 Words   |  7 PagesSupply chain is a network of facilities and distribution options that performs the functions of procurement of materials, transformation of these materials in to intermediate and finished products and distribution of these products to the customers. Supply chain Management (SCM) is the management of flow of information, products and services across a network of customers, organization and supply chain enterprises. It incorporates the development and capacity of raw materials, work-in-progress ofRead MoreAnalysis Of Amazon And Wal Mart1614 Words   |  7 Pagespursue the same strategies. This is evident with both Amazon and Wal-Mart, both are direct competitors but each focuses on a different market channels and provide different customer value proposition. A business strategy characterizes a company’s unique position in the market and distinguishes the firm ’s value proposition from that of its competitors. Qupte Simci levi Such a unique market position drives and depends on operations and supply chain strategies. Unfortunately due to the effiency curveRead MoreRobin Van Persie1682 Words   |  7 PagesGreen Supply Chains * According to Handfield and Nicols 1999, the nature of how supply chains are defined as â€Å"supply chain contains all activities that involve the flow and transformation from raw materials†. Following on from this description I will describe the nature, first of all, the supply chain is a network of facilities that distribute and output the performance from their findings of raw materials that which associates themselves with the products that already exist in supply chainsRead MoreAmazon.Com Supply Chain Management1550 Words   |  7 PagesRunning head: Amazon.com Supply Chain Project Amazon.com Supply Chain Project Jarrel Nightingale JNightingale2@CapellaUniversity.edu Capella University BUS3004: Supply Chain Management Professor Dr. Robert Goldwasser December 10, 2012 Amazon.com Supply Chain Project Introduction In today’s society, Online Shopping and the industry of e-commerce has become very popular and mainstream. Many individuals have integrated online shopping into their normal routine and haveRead MoreAnalysis Of Amazon Robotics ( Kiva Systems ) And Cloud Computing Technology1711 Words   |  7 Pagesreport will investigate some of the major technologies in Supply Chain management, which significantly impacted the fulfillment and delivery of an organization. The report will also look specifically at Amazon robotics (Kiva Systems) and Cloud computing technology and how it can help to ease the process while reflection on models and frameworks. Supply Chain management definition: According to Hugos (2013), The term Supply chain management arose in the late 1980s, and prior to that time, manyRead MoreMarketing Analysis : Amazon.com Inc.1405 Words   |  6 PagesInc.(Amazon) is an online retailer, which offers a variety of products and services through its website, they also produce and sell the Kindle e-Book reader. Amazon.com, Inc. is located at 410 Terry Avenue North, Seattle Washington 98109 5210, USA, Amazon is also located in Redlands, CA, Chattanooga, TN, Lexington, KY and numerous other locations. Jeff Bezos started Amazon.com, Inc. in 1994, and launched the Amazon.com website 1995, as a book retailer on Netscape, and AOL. In 1998 Amazon expandedRead MoreAmazon : A Competitive Market1508 Words   |  7 PagesAmazon Introduction When amazon was founded in 1996, the company began as a small online book retailer but has since transformed into a retailing giant that is able to compete in a highly competitive market. Although amazon competed predominantly with other e-retailers during the information technology boom that took place in the 90s, with an aggressive business and supply chain management strategy, amazon was propelled among the ranks of other industry leaders. Amazon has created a reputationRead MoreCase Study : Forecasting And Planning1592 Words   |  7 PagesCase Analysis: Forecasting and Planning (Amazon.com) Amazon Introduction For this project, I have selected Amazon.com. The concept of Amazon has intrigued many over the last few years. Many did not believe the concept of Amazon would work. When Amazon got its start in 1995, it began as an online book store. From the beginning, Amazon.com’s supply chain stood out from its competitors. As a book store, customers could search from a data base of book titles, â€Å"unlike its large competitors, such as BarnesRead MoreInformation Technology and Supply Chain Management in Amazon.com684 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Information Technology and Supply Chain Management in Amazon.com Introduction The most critical component of the Amazon.com business model is the efficient, profitable performance of its supply chain. For online retailers who compete in high velocity sales environments, the ability to orchestrate suppliers across a very broad supply chain is critical for their continual profitable operation and growth (Albors-Garrigà ³s, Hervas-Oliver, Mà ¡rquez, 2009). Integral to this aspect of Amazons businessRead MoreKey Concepts Of Operations Management Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesThe purpose of this assignment is to discuss and evaluate various key concepts of operations management and how each, when implemented within an organisation, can be beneficial and contribute to the improvement of its operational efficiency. (Hill, A. and Hill, T. 2011) describe operations management as being core to what organisations do, it is the process of transforming inputs which include information, people and materials into outputs such as services or products. (Slack, N, et al. 20 13) states

Thursday, December 12, 2019

Compare and Contrast Essay About Two Friends Example For Students

Compare and Contrast Essay About Two Friends Outline1 What is friendship2 The qualities of a true friend3 The contrast of two friends What is friendship Speaking about important people in our lives, we most often place them in this order parents, close relatives, friends, and acquaintances. Parents and relatives are not chosen, acquaintances are not let in too deeply in life. And only a true friend is a person with whom relations are based on reciprocity, benevolence, sincerity, and sympathy. So it happens there are two people, and under certain conditions become indispensable for each other. And this is so cool and inspiring to have old  friends  and  greet  new ones. That is why one of the most valuable things in life is friendship. In everyday life, friendship is mutual and sincere sympathy, interest in each other, the desire to share thoughts and impressions, a comfortable pastime. There is a saying that a friend is known in trouble, but not only. A good friend will not only help in a difficult moment but also truly rejoice at your success. A best friend is a person who will always be on your side, who gives you so many minutes of happiness in this world. Friendship, for me, is a mutual concept, unlike love. You want to be engaged, be ready to take care of your friend in the same way. Therefore, a prerequisite of friendship is not to be an egoist. Otherwise, the friendship promises to be very short. The qualities of a true friend Often, because of the fear of emptiness and loneliness, and because of the desire to be normal, we tend to surround ourselves with any people, even without realizing that many of these people are quite toxic and actually poison our lives. And sometimes it happens that a person is witty, kind, sociable, and when you ask him/her for help, it is then that it turns out who is real and who is a bad friend, or just for sharing leisure time. But maybe there is an opportunity to understand in advance who will be your good friend and who will be bad. Perhaps, but it is not so easy. But, in my opinion, there are several features that are required for friendship: Support and care A friend is a first and foremost ally that is able to share all your experiences; it is the ability and desire to provide support and be helpful. He or she will always support, both in grief and in joy, they will not allow you to make a dangerous mistake even if he or she does not share and does not understand your action. Ability to forgive In any relationship, inevitably making mistakes. Sometimes its your fault, and sometimes of your best friend. If people are not generous enough and cannot forgive each other’s misdeeds, big problems arise that can destroy a friendship, so it is very important to learn to be more tolerant and to forgive mistakes. Honesty Despite the possible situations, my best friend must be honest. Lying can ruin relationships built over the years. Reliability A friend should always prop up in a difficult moment. It is he or she whom we can always rely on. Acceptance of deficiencies All people have positive and negative qualities, with friends you need to love both sides. In general, for the real friendship does not need any great knowledge. Sincerity and support at any time are the best qualities in life. If you met and greeted friends in the youth, take care of this friendship, because time-tested people are almost incapable of betrayal. Find out for yourself who is the best friend, and then you will not have to be mistaken in people. The main thing is to remember that in friendship you need not only to receive but also to give. And this simple thing will bring happiness and harmony to your relationship. .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .postImageUrl , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:hover , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:visited , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:active { border:0!important; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:active , .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6 .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0bc546444549171c87a80f18d0b45e6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: X Barbiturate use in the pre-benzodiazepine period EssayThe contrast of two friends I am very lucky in life, and I have two best friends that once I greet at the university. By the way, they are both archers according to the horoscope. And if you try to compare them superficially, you can say that they have lot similarities, but if you dig a little deeper, it turns out that they have a lot of differences, to the extent that my two best friends are opposites. Lets start with the similarities. Kate and Helen are two special girls, my best friends, with whom the discussions are closer and deeper than with others. This is all due to their openness and sociability. I am really delighted with such sincere people. We love the same music, movies, and books, thanks to this, the themes for our conversations never end. Although it happens that we want to keep silence, just staying with each other. And even then it is interesting to be together. Kate and Helen are natures with a bright charisma, they both strive for leadership, and both are very energetic and cheerful. They take care of me, very helpful and sincerely take an interest in my life, for which I am very grateful to them and the reason why I consider them to be my best friends. But on this, perhaps, all their similarities end. To compare Kate and Helen, in fact, they are very different girls, and they have a radically different lifestyle, they, for all their similarities of character traits, manifest themselves differently even externally. Kate prefers a sporty behavior and style in clothes; it is almost impossible to meet her in a dress and heels. Helen is quite the opposite, she dresses and behaves herself very feminine. The same goes for their hobbies. Kate plays basketball, box and indeed, she loves dangerous sports, and Helen vice versa loves yoga and dance. Kate is a business girl, prudent, demanding both to herself and to those around her, very purposeful and brings everything to an end. More often she is serious than fun. I would say even not serious, but calm and reasonable. While Helen is more serene, always cheerful, and sometimes overly impulsive. But it does not spoil it at all, but on the contrary, it gives a special charm. Although at the moments when I need their advice, Kate can go overboard with her straightforwardness which is very noticeable in contrast to the tactful Helen. There is also a  stark contrast between them  in the field of work, Helen chose the humanities, and Kate—engineering and mathematics, which slightly divides us, because I am not very friendly with the exact sciences. Although both girls have a lot of interests that I do not share, it does not divide us at all, even the opposite. They make them so special, my best friends in the world.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Discourse Analysis free essay sample

A discourse is behavioral unit. It is a set of utterances which constitute a recognizable speech event e. g. a conversation, a joke, a sermon, an interview etc. In its historical and etymological perspective the term is used in different perspectives e. g. Verbal communication. All this fine talk. Direct / indirect speech. To chat. In order to narrow down the range of possible meanings, the modern linguists have given different views or definitions. Example: Discourse is written as well as spoken: every utterance assuming the a speaker and a hearer as discourse. Benvenisle, 1971: 208-9) An individualizable group of statements and sometimes as a regulated practice that counts for a number of statements. (Foucault, 1972: 80) The specification with the term is that ‘discourse must be used with its social purpose’ this is the main specification of discourse. The brief difference between discourse and text, I think, will facilitate to better understand the term Discourse. Difference between Discourse and Text Discourse Analysis focuses on the structure of naturally spoken language as found in conversation interviews, commentaries and speeches. Text analysis focuses on the structure of written language, as found in such text as essays, notices, road signs and chapters. (Crystal. 1987) Some scholars talk about ‘spoken or written discourse’ other about ‘spoken or written text’ (Crystal. 1987) It means discourse and text can be used almost synonymously. But a distinction is always there and that in discourse has some social purpose while text fulfills the function of communication of some meaning only. As suggested by Michel Stubbs (1983) who treats text and discourse as more or less synonymous. Hawthorn (1992) says text may be non-interactive where as a discourse is interactive. Means to say text is non-interactive that’s it only fulfils the function of conveying some meaning. But discourse is always involved in two ways responses in some formal or informal conversation and dialogues etc. Hawthorn (1992) further says ‘discourse is a linguistic communication seen as a transaction between speaker and hearer. While text is also a linguistics communication (either spoken or written) seen simply as a message coded in its auditory or visual medium’ To conclude we can say discourse and text have something in common as both use the medium of language whether in sign language. Both have some meaning that they try to convey. But text has a limited scope as compare with discourse. In other words we can say discourse is somewhat broad category in the system of language. And text deals with the written from of language. Discourse has different form as Discourse of Advertising, Discourse of Racism, Discourse of Medical etc. But text has no such forms. Discourse can be found with in text. And not vice versa. Text has its maximum interpretation in its ownself but discourse has a lot of things above the language level. Discourse analysis Discourse analysis is an attempt to discover linguistic regularities in discourse using grammatical, phonological and semantic criteria e. g. cohesion, anaphora, inter sentence connectivity etc. It is an effort to interpreter what the writer or speaker intended to convey with in a sensitive social context. Example: Father:Is that your coat on the floor again? Son: yes (goes on reading) Here in the above example Discourse Analysis says that the answer of the son is not clear one. It shows the exploitation of ambiguity about father’s command to pick up his coat. Rather the son deals his father’s command as a simple content question which can be answered in yes /no. Discourse Analysis is a process in which the reader and listener’s mind is working up on the linguistic features of the utterance to grasp the intended meaning of the writer or speaker. Even if the utterances or sentences are ungrammatical the Discourse Analysis makes us grasp the intended meaning. Example: My natal was in a small town, very close to Riyadh capital of Saudi Arabia. The distance between my town and Riadh 7 miles exactly. The name of this Almasani that means in English factories. It takes its name from the people carrer. In childhood I remember the people live. It was very simple most the people was farmer. The above paragraph is full of grammatical mistakes since by Discourse Analysis of this text we can grasp mostly what are the informations the writer wants to communicate. Discourse concerns with communication so Discourse Analysis gives us the interpretation of the communicated commodity. Devices for Discourse Analysis We use different tools for Discourse Analysis. Some of them are as under: (i)Cohesion Cohesion refers to the ties and connections which exist within texts that link different parts of sentences or larger unit of discourse. Cohesive Devices (a)Anaphoric Relation Interpretation of text from some previously expressed idea entity. Example: He did that there. Every word has some anaphoric reference with which interpretation could not be made. (b) Cataphoric Relation It means referring forward. It refers the identity what is being expressed and what is to be expressed. Example: Here is the 9, O Clock news. By using these relation and links we can better interpret and analyzed discourse. (2)Coherence The language users try to come to an interpretation in the scenario of knowledge of the world they posses. Coherence is not something which exists in the language but something which exists in people. By using coherence the reader arums semantic unity the paragraph. Example: Her: That’s the telephone Him: I’ am in the both. Her:Ok. We can interpret the above dialogue with the help of conventional action and by our background knowledge that someone in the bathroom can not attend the telephone. 3) Parallelism Parallelism means side by side. In some piece of literature some comparisons or contrasts go side be side with each other. They also help to interpreter the whole text. Example: In Jane Austen’s ‘Pride and Prejudice’, good marriages and bad marriages are compared and contrasted on parallel levels. (4) Speech Events Speech events are mainly concerned what people say in different environment e. g. Debate, interview, discussions, quiz etc are different Speech Events. Speakers may have different speech roles as friend, strangers, young or old of equal or unequal status This background knowledge about the personality and environment give a better comprehension for better interpretation of discourse. 5) Background Knowledge Background knowledge can be very much helpful in interpreting any text. Schema and script are two terms that comprise the background knowledge. Schema and script tells us what is actually the real situation and what are the actions. Schema is conventional knowledge which exists in memory. Script is essentially a dynamic schema in which conventional action takes place. Th e schema of a supermarket holds the knowledge ‘food displayed on shelves, checkout counters’ etc. While in script such actions are involved as going to movies, eating in a restaurant etc. Example: Trying not to be out of the office Suzy went into the nearest place, sat down and ordered a sandwich. Here in the above example the background knowledge of the situation and the action can be traced out through the schema and script as: Schema tells us: Suzy may be an office girl The nearest place is some restaurant. Script tells us: About the action she performed as: Firstly, she unlocked the door. Secondly, she walked to the nearest restaurant. Thirdly, she opened the door of the restaurant. etc. Here schema and script tells us what is actually the real situation and what are the actions. (6). Conversational Interaction Conversation is an activity where for the most part thw or more people take turn at speativn: in these tusns at speaking one has to pick up the completion point to take his turn to speak. This is conversational interaction. During the discourse we not only taking part in conversation but we are also analyzing.