Agriculture of Pakistan Essay

horticulture is a vital welkin of Pakistans economy and accounted for 25. 9 portion of GDP in 1999-2000, fit in to g everyplacenment estimates. The sector directly supports three-quarters of the countrys population, employs half the labor force , and contributes a long share of foreign exchange earnings. The main agricultural products are cotton, wheat, rice, sugarcane, fruits, and vegetables, in addition to milk, beef, mutton, and eggs. Pakistan depends on 1 of the worlds largest irrigation systems to support product. There are 2 principal oceansons.Cotton, rice, and sugarcane are produced during the kharif season, which lasts from whitethorn to November. Wheat is the major rabi crop, which extends from November to April. The key to a much-needed improvement of productivity lies in a more effectual use of resources, principally land and water. However, change is dependent on the large landowners who own 40 pct of the arable land and control most of the irrigation system, whi ch makes widespread reform difficult. Assessments by independent agencies, including the World Bank, scan these large landholdings to be very unproductive.Pakistan is a net importer of agricultural commodities. Annual imports add together to the highest degree US$2 billion and include wheat, edible oils, pulses, and consumer foods. Pakistan is one of the worlds largest producers of raw cotton. The size of the yearbook cotton cropthe bulk of it grown in Punjab provinceis a crucial barometer of the health of the boilers suit economy, as it determines the availability and cost of the main raw material for the yarn-spinning industry, much of which is concentrated nearly the southern port city of Karachi. Official estimates put the 1999-2000 harvest at some 11.2 trillion 170-kilogram bales, compared with the 1998-99 outturn of 8. 8 one thousand million bales and the record 12. 8 million bales achieved in 1991-92. The government recently actively intervened in the market to boost prices and to encourage production. A major problem is that the cotton crop is passing susceptible to adverse weather and pest damage, which is reflected in crop figures. After peaking at 2. 18 million tons in 1991-92, the lint harvest has since fluctuated considerably, ranging from a low of 1. 37 million tons in 1993-94 to a high of 1.9 million tons in 1999-2000. The 2000-01 wheat crop was forecast at a record 19. 3 million tons, compared to 17. 8 million tons produced during the previous year. This increase is due by and large to favorable weather and a 25-percent increase in the procurement price to about US$cxxxv per ton. active 85 percent of the crop is irrigated. Despite the record production, Pakistan will continue to be a major wheat importer. The government has imported an average of US$2. 4 million each year over the past 5 years. The United States and Australia are the major suppliers.Demand for wheat is increasing from Pakistans quickly growing population as well as from cross-border trade with Afghanistan. Pakistan is a major rice merchandiseer and annually exports about 2 million tons, or about 10 percent of world trade. About 25 percent of exports is Pakistans famous fragrant Basmati rice. Rice is Pakistans second leading source of export earnings. Private traders handle all exports. Pakistans main competitors in rice trade are Thailand, Vietnam, and India. baccy is grown mainly in the North-West Frontier Province and Punjab and is an important cash crop .Yields in Pakistan are about twice those for neighboring countries largely due to the extension services provided by the industry. Quality, however, is up(a) only slowly due to problems related to climate and soil. Farmers have started inter-cropping tobacco with vegetables and sugarcane to increase returns. About half of the total production is used for cigarette manufacturing and the remainder used in traditional ways of smoking (in hand-rolled cigarettes called birris, in water pipes , and as snuff). The share of imported tobacco is increasing gradually in response to an change magnitude demand for high- step cigarettes.Minor crops account for only 5 percent of total cultivated scene of action these include oilseeds (sunflower, soybean), chilies, potatoes, and onions. Domestic oilseed production accounts only for about 25 percent of Pakistan total edible oil needs. As a result, Pakistan spends more than US$1 billion annually in scarce foreign exchange to import edible oils, while its oilseed processing industry operates at less than 25 percent of capacity due to an inadequate supply of oilseeds. For 2000-01 total oilseed production was forecast to decrease 10 percent to 3. 6 million tons.The government has highlighted development of the oilseed sector as a priority. Pakistans fishing industry is relatively modest, but has shown strong growth in recent years. The domestic market is quite small, with per capita annual consumption of approximately 2 kilograms. A bout 80 percent of production comes from marine fisheries from 2 main areas, the Sindh coast east from Karachi to the Indian border, and the Makran coast of Baluchistan. xc percent of the total marine catch is fish the shrimp which constitute the remainder are prized because of their greater relative value and demand in foreign markets.During 1999-00, total fish production was 620,000 tons, of which 440,000 tons consisted of sea fish and the remainder were fresh-water species. About one-third of the catch is consumed fresh, 9 percent is frozen, 8 percent canned, and about 43 percent used as fish meal for animal food. Livestock accounts for 40 percent of the agricultural sector and 9 percent of the total GDP. Principal products are milk, beef, mutton, domestic fowl, and wool. During 1999, the livestock population increased to 120 million head. That same year Pakistan generated 970,000 tons of beef, 640,000 tons of mutton, and 190,000 tons of poultry.In an effort to compound milk and meat production, the government recently launched a comprehensive livestock development project with Asiatic Development Bank assistance. Poultry production provides an increasingly popular low-cost source of protein. Modern poultry production is constrained by high mortality, high incidence of disease, poor quality chicks, and poor quality feed, combined with an inadequate marketing system. Frozen poultry have only recently been introduced. Forests cover an area of 4. 2 million hectares or about 5 percent of the total area of Pakistan.The principal set products are timber, principally for house construction, furniture, and firewood. Many of the countrys wooded areas are severely wipe out as a result of over-exploitation. The government has restricted cutting to protect remaining resourcesthough depravation often jeopardizes environmental effortsand has lowered duties to encourage imports. Forestry production has since declined from 1. 07 million cubic meters in 1990-91 to 475,0 00 cubic meters in 1998-99. Pakistan imports an estimated US$150 million of wood products annually to meet the requirements of a growing population and go demand by a wealthy elite.

Augustus: Person of the Year

Ryan Weber Mrs. Brannan HUM-2211 October, 15, 2012 Person of the year Augustus How does ane define person of the year? Some one who is nominate this title of capital honor above every other human beings or woman in the world. For what its worth, I can sum it all up into one nominate, Augustus. A brave and hard-core leader, educated and intelligent man, a political connoisseur, patron of the arts, and a loving husband, what else could be asked from a man of such great achievement?We will be looking into the life, rule, and accomplishments of Augustus, then finish off with an single(a) interview to give us much of an insider look on the Person of the year. On March 15, 44 BC, a group of papistical Senators stood over the dead body of Julius Caesar, bloody knives in their hands. They had murdered the popish leader in an effort to save the Republic from Caesars aspirations for bushel power (McGill, Sarah Ann) In spring of 44 BCE Augustus formerly known as Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus, or Octavious for short, became ruler of Rome.Adopted by Julius Caesar after traveling alongside him for some(prenominal) years and throughout many battles, being the only male relative and it being written in Caesars will, Augustus was heir to the throne and quickly began making an impact on roman society. Caesar Augustus rose from near humbleness to become the or so powerful man Rome had ever seen, and he became perhaps the single most important figure in Romes long history. (Sizgorich, Tom. Augustus) Starting his reign at age 18, very raw(a) and inexperienced he would turn out to gain the trust and support of the empire as a whole.Very intuitively and keen, he started at the base of it all, the people. Initiating public games loved by them as a source of entertainment, when a comet flew by on the first day, everyone took it as Caesars soul ascending to the heavens, this greatly helped win his popularity among his great uncles army he left and also made him allie s within the senate. But with allies, would come opponents, one man in particular, Mark Antony, whom was a close ally with Caesar and fought against the party that assassinated him.Tensions between the dickens were short after they formed a group to eliminate opposing forces such as the one that killed Caesar, lead by Marcus Brutus and Gaius Cassius Longinus. The alliance between Antony and Octavian could not last, however after the defeat of the conspirators, Octavian stage around building a base of support for himself among the Romans, anticipating the confrontation with Antony that he knew would come. (Sizgorich, Tom. Augustus) Octavian began preparing to confront Antony. Antony had angered many Romans because of his kind with the queen of Egypt, Cleopatra.Octavian took advantage of this anger to gain further support against Antony. (Augustus, Caesar Octavianus. ancient Greece and Rome) Acute and sharp as he was, Augustus began to realize the roman public was outraged that Antony had been willingly manipulated by queen Cleopatra of Egypt. He set out to defeat Antony and Cleopatras army. When he finally did so, the couple committed suicide and allowed Augustus to finally have full control over all of Rome. He did not want to rule as his uncle did, so in instal to convince the public and senate he would not do so he, articulated the Princep title.Deriving from Latin meaning first citizen suggesting that he held only the same power as all others in the senate, barely no one was to be above him in ruling. Augustus wasted no time as sole leader of Rome, he extended the borders, instituted construction of new buildings, water systems and roads. He maintained public order and law, supported writers such as Virgil and Livy to bring back more traditional Roman values, and introduced a new religion to society, Christianity. At one point he offered to relinquish all of his power to the senate, but they would not oblige.In fact they revered him even more and allotted him with the title Augustus, which is when he adopted the name and dropped the name Octavious. Augustus proclaimed that he had found Rome a city of bricks and left it a city of marble. (Augustus, Caesar Octavianus. quaint Greece and Rome) By the end of his rule, Rome was flourishing, rich and prosperous was the whole empire. Lined with armies protecting all borders, creating a safe environment for all of Rome, it has been deemed Romes Golden Age or Pax Romana and was the bound in time when the civilization experienced the most peace and prosperity.Augustus passed away in AD 14 and Tiberius took control over Rome as his stepson. It is easy to see how Augustus was named Person of the year, he accomplished more in his lifetime than any other individual I can name Reforming government and military, restoring Roman traditions and values, and vastly expanding the empire. And gaining the love and support of the people, the senate, and the army at the same time, its no wonder w hy the senate held him at the level of a god when he passed. Works Cited * Augustus, Caesar Octavianus. Ancient Greece and Rome An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Carroll Moulton. Vol. 1. in the buff York Charles Scribners Sons, 1998. 87-91. Gale Virtual speech Library. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. * Sizgorich, Tom. Augustus. World History Ancient and Medieval Eras. ABC-CLIO, 2012. Web. 14 Oct. 2012 * McGill, Sarah Ann. Augustus. Augustus (2009) 1. MasterFILE Complete. Web. 14 Oct. 2012. * Augustus, Caesar Octavianus. Ancient Greece and Rome An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Carroll Moulton. Vol. 1.New York Charles Scribners Sons, 1998. 87-91. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Oct. 2012. * Fears, J. Rufus. Augustus. Encyclopedia of Religion. Ed. Lindsay Jones. 2nd ed. Vol. 2. Detroit Macmillan Reference USA, 2005. 630-631. Gale Virtual Reference Library. Web. 15 Oct. 2012 * Dunstan, William E. Ancient Rome. n. p. Rowman & Littlefield, 2011. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 15 Oc t. 2012 (I was not able to log into this EBook the whole time I have been writing this paper, but you have it down as a required cite. )

Gulliver’s Travels Essay

The saga of Lilliput is more fun and entertaining than that of Brobdingnag. Discuss. Gullivers Travels is a classic mannequin of eighteenth century satire, one of sprightlys greatest guides in an outcry against the value and practices of his time. While his words ruthlessly attack numerous aspects of military personnel society and human character, by the nature of satire his weapon is humour. So thither is plenty of amusement to be had through the course of the book, roughly notably in the first devil adventures, in Lilliput and Brobdingnag.On Gullivers first adventure to Lilliput, he awakes on the island to find himself bound and tied to the ground by the six-inch t all in all Lilliputians. After cosmos bite with arrows and stabbed with spears, he decides to obey, and then help the Most Mighty Emperor of Lilliput and his hoidenish. So we see the foremost fall guy of blue-bellys humour and satire, that surrounding Gulliver himself, as Richard Rodino said, Gulliver is a s atirical device enabling blue-belly to score satirical points. In Lilliput he subjects to the Emperors imprisonment and his wishes, some strange, such as when he desired I would stand like a Colossus, draw up the parade in close order, and march them under me. Some otherwises were simply humiliating, however, such as when, upon receiving his decree of liberty, he swears to it with great cheerfulness and content, despite the fact that he does not agree fully with all of the articles within, and proceeds to be grateful for the honour of the Emperors presence, to whom he prostrates himself.This acquiescence on the deviate of Gulliver to a people who, to him, are small-minded more than dolls that walk and talk, is degrading on Gullivers part, and as well amusing, since his lack of humour and perspective leaves him open to ridicule. He, who can tow whole fleets and span an whole blustrug with a single step, is reduced to begging a miniature monarch for his freedom. Later on, he receives the ingratitude of the Lilliputians for the desecration of the royal palace, when he put out the fire by urinating on it. The result, due to his enmity with Skyresh Bolgolam, was that he was denounced to have his eyes cut out.While most others in such a set would have laughed at being threatened by a people a twelfth their size, he is worried and scared by the decree to have his eyes put out. Despite the fact that the sentence expects him to gratefully and humbly submit, depending on him not resisting as very sharp-pointed arrows are discharge into his eyes, he decides to run any mood, to the court of Blefuscu. This cowardice amplifies the humour in his behaviour, the image of a giant being scared and running away from midgets is one that is contrary to the one we would expect.Compare this behaviour to the way that Gulliver presents himself in Brobdingnag. At almost every turn his diminutive size is ridiculed, he becomes the plaything of a nine-year experient girl, th e rival of a thirty-foot dwarf, and is forced to perform a debasing show till I was half-dead with fatigue and vexation. While he is as subservient, indeed, perhaps even more than before, he is no longer doing so to a people removed smaller than him. This image of Gulliver being overworked by people far bigger, more important than him, is only funny from the big peoples point of view.As we read it, there are, instead, distinct undertones of slavery and torture. Another example is when the Maids of Honour would sometimes set me astride upon one of her nipples, as well as assorted other appalling things, leaving Gulliver far from giving me any other emotions other than those of horror and disgust. While one could find comedy in this passage, it is much cruder and less funny than similar passages in Lilliput, a typical example of the type of humour found in this number adventure.Although Swift is satirising our fascination with beauty and appearances, the power of this extract st ems not from underlying implications only when from the shock of having the human body so cruelly scandalizeed. Thus, instead of subtly hinting his satire as he does in Lilliput, Swift takes a far harsher line in Brobdingnag, using Gulliver to demonstrate the shortcomings and failings of the human race, through the medium of his various adventures there. Its always entertaining when youre trade winding with those smaller and weaker than you are, but a great deal less funny when its someone more regent(postnominal) dealing with you.The affairs and events which occur in the two adventures also contribute a great deal to the humour. When Gulliver is in Lilliput, one of the first intrusive things he relates to us is the practice of choosing ministers for governmental and court positions by the nominees skill at dancing on a tightrope or leaping under or over the Emperors stick. This idea seems ridiculous to us, it probably elicited a few smirks when you first read it, but Swift is alluding to the way that in his day and age, many government officials achieved their positions from skill with words or putting currency in the right places.Politics becomes a mad ballet, says Philip Pinkus. When we learn that Flimnap would have infallibly broken his neck, if one of the female monarchs cushions had not weakened the force of the fall, Swift is protesting against the way the favour of a powerful minister could easily protect a man from the loss of his position if they strain so far as to overreach themselves and make a fatal mistake. In Brobdingnag, much of the humour revolves around the way that Gulliver must make his way in a world where everything is too big, John F.Ross says that he retains a pride and self-esteem which would be perfectly normal for him among his physical equals, but which is ridiculous under the circumstances. integrity time, above twenty wasps, allured by the smell, came flying into the room These insects were as large as partridges. The im age of Gulliver surround by bird-sized wasps is immediately funny, but aside from the comedy value, there is little satirical content in this passage. There are many other comical stories in both adventures, which can entertain, but also have other layers of meaning.In Lilliput, one of the most amusing anecdotes is that of the war between Lilliput and Blefuscu, largely because of its origins It is allowed on all hands, that the primitive way of retarding eggs before we eat them, was upon the larger end but his present Majestys grandfather, while he was a boy, and going to eat an egg, and breaking it correspond to the ancient practice, happened to cut one of his fingers. Whereupon the Emperor his father published an edict, commanding all his subjects, upon great penalties, to break the smaller end of their eggs. The result is that the inhabitants of the two islands go to international war over so chela an event as breaking an egg. We find this hilariously funny, thinking the Lilli putians and Blefuscudians stupid and petty to allow this contingency to escalate so to such an extent. However, when the Blefuscudian king listens to Gullivers praise of my own dear native country in a style equal to its merits and felicity, he sees through the pompousness and self-importance of Gullivers account of Europe, seeing the corruption in government, the prejudice in law, the inefficiency in politics, the mismanagement of the economy.Swift is hinting that the two situations are not so different, since little people tend to place great significance upon little things, and when we are the little ones, it is brought home to us that the vast majority of our affairs are of little end in the long run. While the story found in Gullivers Travels is highly entertaining, it is, primarily, a work of satire, and this adventure is designed as a message to the people and government of Swifts eighteenth century Britain, to change, or even just to reflect upon, the way in which they go about their lives.Upon learning both Lilliput and Brobdingnag, there is an evident trend in how Swift has written his book. In Lilliput, Swift uses engaging, finely humour to disguise his satire, whereas in Brobdingnag he moves onto rougher, coarser humour, with a far more obvious attack on European society, a trend which is continued through to the end of the book, culminating in a scathing assault on our perceptions of human nature itself, in the fourth adventure.Therefore, due to the ways in which we respond to the picture of Gulliver, and the events and humour found in the two passages, I conclude that the saga of Lilliput is funnier and more entertaining than that of Brobdingnag.BibliographyJonathan Swift, Gullivers Travels, 1726 Richard Rodino, The reckon Of Gullivers Travels, Past and Present, 1992 Philip Pinkus, Sin and Satire in Swift (1965)

Political and historic perspective of Poland Essay

Political and diachronic perspective of Poland - Essay Exampleng states would influence the course of Polands history from peace magazine to wars with specific periods in each of these countries histories, interconnected. For instance, according to Geoffrey Elton et al. (1990), the balance of power between landowners and the monarchy was so even passim the century as to give to their relations, whether of conflict or co-operation, a significance that illuminates the more decisive conflicts which were at the same time being waged in the extremer parts of Europe. (526)More specifically, we have Polands war against Russia which cut down the rural into near anarchy and eventually divided it among Russia, Prussia and Austria. Afterwards, the Second World War would leave the country in ruins, earning for Poland the distinction of the country with the most percentage of deaths among its citizens. After the war, Poland became a communist country with a Soviet imposed government patterned after the rest of the Eastern bloc. In the communisms fall in the 1990s, a democratic government was set in place and thus, began the history of parliamentary Poland.Ethnic groups that have settled in Central Europe, such as Slavic, Celtic, Baltic and Germanic is express to have given rise to Poland. A system that had some semblance to a government with a definite territory was first seen in 966 A.D. And since then, Poland had always had a unitary form of government turn out in the 12th century wherein the country descended into a period of feudal disintegration fragmenting the country into several(prenominal) states. Poland flourished during era of foreign migration, particularly during the influx of the Jews.The parliamentary system of government has been in place in Poland since the fifteenth to sixteenth century when the nobility wielded political power based on the local or country assemblies, which exercised parliamentary functions. (Elton et al. 528) I would like to under score that around the period of sixteenth century in that location was a large number

Cyber security Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Cyber security - Coursework Exampleedge of previous intrusions and other(a) organizations reaction or solutions will be ready to lend a hand in outlining the trade case for intrusion detection products. Additionally, they should also be aware of the advantages and opportunities offered by intrusion detection with a wide-ranging awareness with the intrusion detection solutions and products presently available in the market. In addition, they should also cut the basic objectives and goals of the intrusion detection products. In view of the fact that invasion detection will be a costly activity or investment, even though they make use of an open com depositer address solution hence they need to spend an adequate amount of time to investigate, get, build up and put into practice to be far less than the in the general routine management of the information (Bandy, Money, & Worstell, Intrusion Detection FAQ Getting Started, 2013).A honeypot is a very useful tool for protecting network s from non permitted access. In fact, the honeypot does not encompass applications or data that is vital to the demarcation organization scarce it contains an adequate amount of attractive data to attract a hacker (SANS, 2013). In view of the fact that a honeypot is only a system tool or application or lodge that has entirely no reason in production hence it can be assumed that if the honeypot is accessed, there might be some reason that is not linked to a specific business corporation on purpose (Bandy, Money, & Worstell, Intrusion Detection FAQ What is a honeypot? Why do I need one?, 2013). It is an admitted fact that the honeypots can be very helpful to business corporations that have great resources to maintain them. However, if an organization does not have a security expert to strictly keep an meat on a honeypot the organizations has, at finest, built a susceptible platform that is not checked regularly as well as at worst, a platform that can be tenanted and employed by any hacker to attack other systems. Moreover,

Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crisis - Essay ExampleWe were together again during college and divided up the same apartment. It was once again a traumatic experience to have her leave the apartment to red-hot with her boyfriend first and eventually get married. Even though we were older but the trauma of separation remained the same. It gradually dawned that one has to accept certain situations in life. I had to console myself that she was happy and leading a fulfilling life. Even though we now live in different states, we just have talked to each some other every single day. We still panic the moment we hear of the other being unwell or in trouble. We still share moments of joy and sadness but the separation has left an indelible clinical depression on my mind. Another traumatic experience that I had was when I used to visit my cousin running(a) at an abortion clinic. I was quite young at that time and the word abortion itself direct shivers to the body. This was the most significant existential crisis in my life. My visits were just to spend time with my cousin but the pro-lifers who came there thought I was there to get a procedure. I was shocked, to say the least when I came to do it of this. I initially tried to ignore the gossip and allegations but gradually realized the severity of the situation. I realized the pro-lifers meant business when they decided to burn the clinic down if I were treated. I decided to stop tour the clinic as this would put my cousin in trouble as well. Soon after I stop visiting the clinic, I came to know that they had actually carried out the threat and burnt the clinic down.

PHYSICAL PRIVACY Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

PHYSICAL PRIVACY - Coursework ExampleFor our current assignment though, I am sledding to take one honest issue that was embedded into that business decision and discuss it in great(p) detail. I will do my best to discover all in all of the facts that I will need in order to create an informed analysis of this particular respectable issue and make some suggestions pertaining to how the ethical issue may be dealt with by the insurance high society prior to it actually becoming an ethical situation that the fraternity has to handle. For this particular assignment, I puzzle chosen to deal with the problem of Agent verity when it comes to their treatment of client policies and collection agreements. In order to deal with this problem, the insurance company must head start acknowledge the fact that the agents have a strong tendency to commit fraud once they have a non-exclusive partnership with the insurance company. Since they are basically freelancers, they do not answer direct ly to the company for any of their actions. If an insurance company uses too many self-employed person agents, the possibility of being able to reminder all of their client based actions diminishes. Independent agents prefer having the more limited relationship that their status provides with the company as opposed to an exclusive agent who is bound by more company rules and regulations in impairment of ethics. That is why in the case of independent agents, the tendency of the insurance company is to have a set and specific view of the agents business actions. The company will tend to not care too frequently about the actions of their independent agents without realizing that the unethical actions of the independent agents will have clear ramifications for their company as fountainhead in terms of protecting their clients against fraud. It is most likely that not all independent agents are assured of the fact that they are committing fraud in certain instances due to their lac k of proper manpower educate in terms of insurance sales services. Therefore, it is important that the company reiterate the importance of honesty in all their business dealings in order to preserve the image of the company with future clients, and heighten their company image with their existing client base. Agents need to always be ethical and compliant of all government insurance standards. There is no gray area in this matter. Rogue insurance agents basin cause the insurance company a sizable amount of fines and potential financial losses through and through fraud related lawsuits that the company will find itself facing. Considering the lack of company based supervision of independent agents, it would seem more logical for insurance companies to deal with exclusive agents instead since they can have a more personal relationship with these agents whose actions and portfolios are open and easily accessible to the company. Thus making it easier to light upon ethical violations at any given time. It is of the utmost importance that insurance companies be highly observant of their independent agents physiques of behavior or financial transactions over a period of time. This will armed service the company sniff out the potential abnormalities in the actions of the agent that could signify that the agent is involved in fraudulent actions against the company clients and the company itself. This can usually be determined by observing the agents pattern of payment submission to the insurance com